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CRR > Structure and Function of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 regions of the Respiratory tract?

A

Upper and Lower region

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2
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A

nose, nasal cavity and pharynx

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3
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A

Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi and Lungs

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4
Q

What are the 2 components of the nose?

A

External nose and internal nasal cavity

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5
Q

What is the external nose constructed of?

A

Septal and Greater Alar cartilage, nasal bone, extensions of frontal and maxillary bone

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6
Q

What bone forms the bridge of the nose?

A

Nasal

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7
Q

What does the Internal nasal cavity consist of?

A

The nares (nostrils), vestibule, Internal nares (choane) and posterior nasal cavity

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8
Q

What is the anterior portion of nasal septum made up from?

A

Cartilage

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9
Q

What is the posterior region of nasal septum made up from?

A

Vomer and Ethmoid bone

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10
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity made up of?

A

Hard palate

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11
Q

On the lateral wall of nasal cavity what can be found?

A

3 bony ridges called conchea

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12
Q

What is found between the 3 conchea?

A

Passage ways called meatus which are uppper middle and lower

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13
Q

Where can the paranasal sinuses opening be found?

A

Between the superior and median meatus

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14
Q

Where can be found between the inferior/lower meatus?

A

Nasolacrinal duct

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15
Q

What is the vestibule of nasal cavity lined by?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What is the posterior nasal cavity lined by?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells

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17
Q

Where can Olfactory epithelium be found?

A

Superior nasal cavity

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18
Q

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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19
Q

What can be found within the nasopharynx?

A

Auditory/Eustachian tubes

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20
Q

What can be found in the posterior region of the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

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21
Q

What does the nasopharynx open into?

A

Oropharynx

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22
Q

What can the Oropharynx be considered as a junction point between?

A

GI tract and Respiratory tract

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23
Q

Where does the Oropharynx extend from and to?

A

from Uvula to epiglottis

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24
Q

What materials can pass through the oropharynx?

A

Air and ingested food

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25
Q

What is the Oropharynx lined by?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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26
Q

What tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

A

Palatine and Lingual

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27
Q

Where does the Laryngopharynx extend to and from?

A

Epiglottis to openings of oesophagus and larynx

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28
Q

What is the outercasing of the larynx made up of?

A

9 cartilages

29
Q

How many cartilages in the larynx are paired?

A

6 are paired, 3 unpaired

30
Q

What is the largest cartilage in the Larynx? and where is it positioned?

A

Thyroid cartilage and superior

31
Q

What does the superior cartilage form?

A

Adams apple

32
Q

What is attached to the superior thyroid cartilage?

A

on the 2nd unpaired cartilage the epiglottis

33
Q

What is the epiglottis made up from? what does it form?

A

Elastic cartilage and a free flap

34
Q

What CT forms the base of the larynx?

A

Unpaired cricoid cartilage

35
Q

What are the 6 pairs of cartilage in the larynx?

A

Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform cartilages

36
Q

What extends from the anterior of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

2 pairs of ligaments

37
Q

Where do the arytenoid cartilages 2 pairs of ligaments extend into?

A

Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage

38
Q

What does the 2 ligaments of arytenoid form?

A

Vestibular folds/False vocal cords

39
Q

What forms the true vocal cords?

A

Inferior ligaments

40
Q

What is the opening of the inferior ligaments consist of?

A

Glottis

41
Q

How can sounds be modified?

A

Lengthening or shortening of vocal cords

42
Q

What muscles help with sound modification?

A

Skeletal muscle

43
Q

What cartilages move as a result of sound modification?

A

Arytenoid cartilages

44
Q

What is the trachea made up from?

A

Long membranous tube with 15-20 C shaped cartilages

45
Q

What wall can alter the diameter of the trachea?

A

Posterior wall

46
Q

What muscle and component is involved in the posterior wall of trachea diameter modification?

A

Smooth muscle and ligamentous membrane

47
Q

what does the trachea divide into and to form what?

A

2 to form the bronchi

48
Q

What does the bronchi divide into?

A

Left and right primary bronchi,

49
Q

What does bronchi divide into as they enter the lungs?

A

secondary bronchi

50
Q

What does the bronchi divide into to give rise to bronchioles?

A

Tertiary bronchi

51
Q

Where does the lungs extend from and to?

A

The diaphragm to a 2.5cm superior to clavicle

52
Q

How many lobes does the Right and Left lobes have?

A

3 on Right

2 on left

53
Q

What are the lobes divide into?

A

Lobules

54
Q

What are the lung lobules seperated by?

A

Connective tissue

55
Q

How many lobules in the Right and Left lung?

A

10 in right

9 in left

56
Q

What enters the lungs at the hilums?

A

Blood vessels and nerves

57
Q

What is each lung contained within?

A

Seperate pleural cavity

58
Q

What are the pleural cavities formed from?

A

2 serous membranes the parietal and visceral

59
Q

What does the parietal pleura cover?

A

Inner thoracic wall of diaphragm and mediastinum

60
Q

What does the visceral pleura cover?

A

The surface of the lungs

61
Q

What exists between 2 membranes?

A

Pleural fluid

62
Q

What are the functions of the pleural fluid?

A

Lubricate movement during breathing for pleural membranes, holds pleural membranes together so they can slide over each other

63
Q

What are the 2 blood supply routes for the respiratory system?

A

Pulmonary artery, bronchial arteries

64
Q

Where are the bronchial arteries derived from?

A

Thoracic aorta

65
Q

What does the bronchial arteries supply blood to?

A

Tissue of bronchia to the respiratory bronchioles with oxygenated blood

66
Q

What does the muscles of respiration involve?

A

The diaphragm and muscles that elevate or depress the ribs

67
Q

What muscles are involved during Inhilation?

A 
Scalenes
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
External intercostals
Diaphragm
68
Q

What muscles are involved with during exhalation?

A

Transversus throacic
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm
Rectus abdominus and other abdominal muscles

CRR (27 decks)

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