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CRR > Central Control of Respiration > Flashcards

Central Control of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiration mainly controlled by?

A

Nerve cells or neurones in the medulla oblongata of the brain

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2
Q

What neurons set the basic rhythm of respiration and can it be influenced?

A

Medullary, and yes from peripheral sensory receptors

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3
Q

What part of the brain is associated with the respiratory centre?

A

Medulla oblongata

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4
Q

What are the 2 regions of the respiratory centre?

A

Inspiratory centre

expiratory centre

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5
Q

What does the inspiratory centre consist of?

A

2 dorsal regions of the medulla

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6
Q

What rhythm does neurones show for inspiratory?

A

Spontaneous with a cyclic form of activity

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7
Q

Where are action potentials arised from for the muscles of inspiration?

A

pass along intercostal nerves and phrenic nerves to inspiration muscle

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8
Q

Where are the neurones for expiratory situated in the medulla?

A

More ventrally either side

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9
Q

What are the neurones like in the expiratory centre?

A

Mostly inactive but during heavy breathing send AP to expiration muscles

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10
Q

What are the other brain centres associated with respiration?

A

Apneustic centre

Pneumotaxic centre

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11
Q

What does the apneustic centre consist of?

A

Scattered neurones in the pons which send AP to inspiratory centre

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12
Q

What does the pneumotaxic centre consist of?

A

group of neurones in the superior of the pons - have an inhibitory effect on inspiratory and apneustic

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13
Q

What does the apneustic and pneumotaxic centre function as?

A

to regulate the inspiratory centres to insure rhythmical breathing

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14
Q

What is the hering bruer reflex? what receptors are associated?

A

Control mechanism associated with stretch receptors in the walls of the bronchi

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15
Q

When are stretch receptors activated and what nerve is associated?

A

during inspiration and send AP to vagus nerve to medulla

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16
Q

What does the AP do during inspiration?

A

inhibit inspiratory centre and allow expiration

17
Q

When are stretch receptors inactive?

A

during expiration, to allow activation of inspiration

18
Q

What is chemical control of respiration activated by? what receptors?

A

Chemoreceptors, central and peripheral

19
Q

Where are central chemoreceptors located and what does it influence?

A

in the medulla in chemosensitive area where they influence respiratory centres

20
Q

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located and what does it influence?

A

Located in carotid and aortic bodies connect to respiratory centres by glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve respectively

21
Q

What does the chemoreceptors respond to changes in?

A

concentrations of hydrogen ions (PH) and oxygen

22
Q

What is hypercapnia and hypocapnia?

A 
Hypercapnia = excessive PCO2 in the blood
Hyopcapnia = lower than average PCO2 in the blood
23
Q

How are carbon dioxide concentrations detected in the blood?

A

Not directly but chemoreceptors detect changes in blood PH

24
Q

What is PH detected by?

A

Chemoreceptive area in medulla by peripheral chemoreceptors

25
Q

What detects PH in the blood indirectly?

A

chemoreceptive area in medulla

26
Q

What detects blood PH directly?

A

chemoreceptors in the Carotid and Aortic bodies

27
Q

What does decrease in PH do?

A

increases in respiratory rate

28
Q

What does increase in PH do?

A

decrease in respiratory rate

29
Q

What % of total response in PH changes is medulla responsible for?

A

80 whilst peripheral receptors are 20%

30
Q

What are 02 conc in the blood detected by?

A

Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies

31
Q

If PCO2 in constant what does PO2 change to for blood conc to have large sim effec on respiration?

A

drop 50% of normal value

32
Q

What is haemoglobin saturated with?

A

O2 at PO2 of 80mm

33
Q

Where does PO2 levels drop to for low O2 conc to trigger increase in respiratory rate?

A

Carotid and Aortic arteries

CRR (27 decks)

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