Blood Cells and Disorders I

Question 1

What does liquid CT do?

Answer 1

Supports connects and seperates different tissues

Question 2

What is ECM called?

Answer 2

plasma

Question 3

What 3 things does blood do?

Answer 3

Transports (gases hormones heat waste)
Regulation (ph buffers temp)
Protection (WBC, antibodies, clot)

Question 4

What are physical properties of blood?

Answer 4

Dense and viscous
38 and slightly alkaline
02 = bright red

Question 5

What is blood volume and osmotic pressure tightly regulated by?

Answer 5

Hormones

Question 6

What is blood sampled by?

Answer 6

Venipuncture with torniquet

Question 7

What elements are formed in blood?

Answer 7

RBC, WBC, Platelets

Question 8

What are granular elements?

Answer 8

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Question 9

What agranular elements?

Answer 9

Leukocytes
T and B lymphocytes
Monocytes

Question 10

What is haematocrit?

Answer 10

volume percentage of RBC in blood (F 38-46%, M 40-54%)

Question 11

What is anaemia?

Answer 11

Blood does not contain enough RBC or haemoglobin

Question 12

What is polycythemia?

Answer 12

abnormally increased RBC in the bone marrow - can cause stroke and increase BP - can be due to hypoxia, dehydration

Question 13

What type of feedback controls RBC and platelet number?

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

What is Haemopoiesis?

Answer 14

Formation of blood cells occur in red bone marrow

Question 15

What is marrow in newborns? does it change?

Answer 15

Red and converts to yellow over time, reversed by trauma contains pluripotent stem cells

Question 16

What does pluripotent stem cells in RBM produce?

Answer 16

2 types of stem cells - Myeloid and Lymphoid stem cells

Question 17

What does Myeloid stem cells do?

Answer 17

Develop in RBM and rise to platelets and granular elemenets

Question 18

What do Lymphoid stem cells do?

Answer 18

Develop in RBM but end in lymph tissue give rise to lymphocytes

Question 19

What is lymphatic system?

Answer 19

Network of small vessels which carry lymph

Question 20

What does lymph fluid do?

Answer 20

Carries waste products around body
carries cells part of immune system
lymph vessels take fluid to lymph nodes

Question 21

What can myeloid and lymphoid stem cells differentiate into?

Answer 21

Myeloid into progenitor cells

Lymphoid into precursor cells

Question 22

What do progenitor cells do?

Answer 22

Cant reproduce and committed to forming designated cell type

Question 23

What do precursor cells do?

Answer 23

Osteoblasts, develop into actual formed elements of blood

Question 24

What is Erythropoietin?

Answer 24

Glycoprotein cytokine secreted by kidney for cellular hypoxia

Question 25

What is thrombopoeitin?

Answer 25

glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver regulates platelet production

Question 26

What are medical uses for haeompoietic growth factors?

Answer 26

Erythropoeitin for kidney disease Granulocyte CSF for wbc formation after chemo Thrombopoeitin for chemo clotting disorders

Question 27

What are erythrocyte?

Answer 27

RBC - contain oxygen carrying haemoglobin, 2 Mill per sec - no nucleus or mitochondria (anaerobic respiration)

Question 28

What does CO2 bind to and for?

Answer 28

AA of globulin molecule for vasodilation and thrombotic control

Question 29

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

Answer 29

Creates carbonic acid to disassociate into bicarb ions HCO3

Question 30

What is HCO3 bicarb ions important for?

Answer 30

Buffer control and Plasma to carry CO2

Question 31

How much oxygen does adults use per min?

Answer 31

0.25l per min

Question 32

What is oxygen disassociation curve?

Answer 32

Not water soluble, sigmoidal curve, in the lung more alkaline as loss of carbonic acid curve is left In capillaries CO2 diffuses from tissue curve to right Exercise acidic conditions for lactic acid and bohr effect

Question 33

What do Ruptured RBC removed by?

Answer 33

Fixed macrophages and recycled

Question 34

What happens in orion overload?

Answer 34

Fe2 and Fe3 bind to and damage cells Plasma has no free iron Iron carrying proteins overloaded

Question 35

Where does RBC production start?

Answer 35

In RBM with precursor pro-erythroblast, divide lots to make haemoglobin , divide to reticulocytes eject nuclei, pass to blood to differentiate

Question 36

What can ereythropoeisis lead to if not kept uptodate?

Answer 36

Hypoxia, anaemia, circulatory problems

Question 37

What is Blood doping?

Answer 37

boosting RBC in bloodstream to enhance athletic performance | Inject epotein alfa , 15 deaths , hard to measure, kenya for natrual blood doping

Question 38

What does WBC do?

Answer 38

Fight infections, granular leuko and mono leave blood dont return, neutro and macro for phagocytosis

Question 39

What does WBC recruited by?

Answer 39

Chemotacis

Question 40

What does WBC contain?

Answer 40

Lysozyme, myeoperoxidasem lactoferrin, defensins

Question 41

What does esioniphils release?

Answer 41

Histaminase

Question 42

What does basophils release?

Answer 42

Heparin, Histamine and serotonin

Question 43

What are mast cells?

Answer 43

Basophils migrated to tissue for inflammatory

Question 44

What do B cells kill?

Answer 44

Bacteria and toxins

Question 45

What do T cells kill?

Answer 45

Virus, funghi, cancer cells, transplanted cells

Question 46

What does NK cells kill?

Answer 46

Microbes and cancers

Question 47

What is process of neutrophil migrating through blood to wound site?

Answer 47

Diapedesis