Blood Cells and Disorders I Flashcards
What does liquid CT do?
Supports connects and seperates different tissues
What is ECM called?
plasma
What 3 things does blood do?
Transports (gases hormones heat waste)
Regulation (ph buffers temp)
Protection (WBC, antibodies, clot)
What are physical properties of blood?
Dense and viscous
38 and slightly alkaline
02 = bright red
What is blood volume and osmotic pressure tightly regulated by?
Hormones
What is blood sampled by?
Venipuncture with torniquet
What elements are formed in blood?
RBC, WBC, Platelets
What are granular elements?
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
What agranular elements?
Leukocytes
T and B lymphocytes
Monocytes
What is haematocrit?
volume percentage of RBC in blood (F 38-46%, M 40-54%)
What is anaemia?
Blood does not contain enough RBC or haemoglobin
What is polycythemia?
abnormally increased RBC in the bone marrow - can cause stroke and increase BP - can be due to hypoxia, dehydration
What type of feedback controls RBC and platelet number?
Negative
What is Haemopoiesis?
Formation of blood cells occur in red bone marrow
What is marrow in newborns? does it change?
Red and converts to yellow over time, reversed by trauma contains pluripotent stem cells
What does pluripotent stem cells in RBM produce?
2 types of stem cells - Myeloid and Lymphoid stem cells
What does Myeloid stem cells do?
Develop in RBM and rise to platelets and granular elemenets
What do Lymphoid stem cells do?
Develop in RBM but end in lymph tissue give rise to lymphocytes
What is lymphatic system?
Network of small vessels which carry lymph
What does lymph fluid do?
Carries waste products around body
carries cells part of immune system
lymph vessels take fluid to lymph nodes
What can myeloid and lymphoid stem cells differentiate into?
Myeloid into progenitor cells
Lymphoid into precursor cells
What do progenitor cells do?
Cant reproduce and committed to forming designated cell type
What do precursor cells do?
Osteoblasts, develop into actual formed elements of blood
What is Erythropoietin?
Glycoprotein cytokine secreted by kidney for cellular hypoxia
What is thrombopoeitin?
glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver regulates platelet production
What are medical uses for haeompoietic growth factors?
Erythropoeitin for kidney disease
Granulocyte CSF for wbc formation after chemo
Thrombopoeitin for chemo
clotting disorders
What are erythrocyte?
RBC - contain oxygen carrying haemoglobin, 2 Mill per sec - no nucleus or mitochondria (anaerobic respiration)
What does CO2 bind to and for?
AA of globulin molecule for vasodilation and thrombotic control
What does carbonic anhydrase do?
Creates carbonic acid to disassociate into bicarb ions HCO3
What is HCO3 bicarb ions important for?
Buffer control and Plasma to carry CO2
How much oxygen does adults use per min?
0.25l per min
What is oxygen disassociation curve?
Not water soluble, sigmoidal curve, in the lung more alkaline as loss of carbonic acid curve is left
In capillaries CO2 diffuses from tissue curve to right
Exercise acidic conditions for lactic acid and bohr effect
What do Ruptured RBC removed by?
Fixed macrophages and recycled
What happens in orion overload?
Fe2 and Fe3 bind to and damage cells
Plasma has no free iron
Iron carrying proteins overloaded
Where does RBC production start?
In RBM with precursor pro-erythroblast, divide lots to make haemoglobin , divide to reticulocytes eject nuclei, pass to blood to differentiate
What can ereythropoeisis lead to if not kept uptodate?
Hypoxia, anaemia, circulatory problems
What is Blood doping?
boosting RBC in bloodstream to enhance athletic performance
Inject epotein alfa , 15 deaths , hard to measure, kenya for natrual blood doping
What does WBC do?
Fight infections, granular leuko and mono leave blood dont return, neutro and macro for phagocytosis
What does WBC recruited by?
Chemotacis
What does WBC contain?
Lysozyme, myeoperoxidasem lactoferrin, defensins
What does esioniphils release?
Histaminase
What does basophils release?
Heparin, Histamine and serotonin
What are mast cells?
Basophils migrated to tissue for inflammatory
What do B cells kill?
Bacteria and toxins
What do T cells kill?
Virus, funghi, cancer cells, transplanted cells
What does NK cells kill?
Microbes and cancers
What is process of neutrophil migrating through blood to wound site?
Diapedesis
