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CRR > Blood Cells and Disorders I > Flashcards

Blood Cells and Disorders I Flashcards

1
Q

What does liquid CT do?

A

Supports connects and seperates different tissues

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2
Q

What is ECM called?

A

plasma

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3
Q

What 3 things does blood do?

A

Transports (gases hormones heat waste)
Regulation (ph buffers temp)
Protection (WBC, antibodies, clot)

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4
Q

What are physical properties of blood?

A

Dense and viscous
38 and slightly alkaline
02 = bright red

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5
Q

What is blood volume and osmotic pressure tightly regulated by?

A

Hormones

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6
Q

What is blood sampled by?

A

Venipuncture with torniquet

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7
Q

What elements are formed in blood?

A

RBC, WBC, Platelets

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8
Q

What are granular elements?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

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9
Q

What agranular elements?

A

Leukocytes
T and B lymphocytes
Monocytes

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10
Q

What is haematocrit?

A

volume percentage of RBC in blood (F 38-46%, M 40-54%)

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11
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Blood does not contain enough RBC or haemoglobin

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12
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

abnormally increased RBC in the bone marrow - can cause stroke and increase BP - can be due to hypoxia, dehydration

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13
Q

What type of feedback controls RBC and platelet number?

A

Negative

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14
Q

What is Haemopoiesis?

A

Formation of blood cells occur in red bone marrow

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15
Q

What is marrow in newborns? does it change?

A

Red and converts to yellow over time, reversed by trauma contains pluripotent stem cells

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16
Q

What does pluripotent stem cells in RBM produce?

A

2 types of stem cells - Myeloid and Lymphoid stem cells

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17
Q

What does Myeloid stem cells do?

A

Develop in RBM and rise to platelets and granular elemenets

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18
Q

What do Lymphoid stem cells do?

A

Develop in RBM but end in lymph tissue give rise to lymphocytes

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19
Q

What is lymphatic system?

A

Network of small vessels which carry lymph

20
Q

What does lymph fluid do?

A

Carries waste products around body
carries cells part of immune system
lymph vessels take fluid to lymph nodes

21
Q

What can myeloid and lymphoid stem cells differentiate into?

A

Myeloid into progenitor cells

Lymphoid into precursor cells

22
Q

What do progenitor cells do?

A

Cant reproduce and committed to forming designated cell type

23
Q

What do precursor cells do?

A

Osteoblasts, develop into actual formed elements of blood

24
Q

What is Erythropoietin?

A

Glycoprotein cytokine secreted by kidney for cellular hypoxia

25
Q

What is thrombopoeitin?

A

glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver regulates platelet production

26
Q

What are medical uses for haeompoietic growth factors?

A

Erythropoeitin for kidney disease
Granulocyte CSF for wbc formation after chemo
Thrombopoeitin for chemo
clotting disorders

27
Q

What are erythrocyte?

A

RBC - contain oxygen carrying haemoglobin, 2 Mill per sec - no nucleus or mitochondria (anaerobic respiration)

28
Q

What does CO2 bind to and for?

A

AA of globulin molecule for vasodilation and thrombotic control

29
Q

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

A

Creates carbonic acid to disassociate into bicarb ions HCO3

30
Q

What is HCO3 bicarb ions important for?

A

Buffer control and Plasma to carry CO2

31
Q

How much oxygen does adults use per min?

A

0.25l per min

32
Q

What is oxygen disassociation curve?

A

Not water soluble, sigmoidal curve, in the lung more alkaline as loss of carbonic acid curve is left
In capillaries CO2 diffuses from tissue curve to right
Exercise acidic conditions for lactic acid and bohr effect

33
Q

What do Ruptured RBC removed by?

A

Fixed macrophages and recycled

34
Q

What happens in orion overload?

A

Fe2 and Fe3 bind to and damage cells
Plasma has no free iron
Iron carrying proteins overloaded

35
Q

Where does RBC production start?

A

In RBM with precursor pro-erythroblast, divide lots to make haemoglobin , divide to reticulocytes eject nuclei, pass to blood to differentiate

36
Q

What can ereythropoeisis lead to if not kept uptodate?

A

Hypoxia, anaemia, circulatory problems

37
Q

What is Blood doping?

A

boosting RBC in bloodstream to enhance athletic performance

Inject epotein alfa , 15 deaths , hard to measure, kenya for natrual blood doping

38
Q

What does WBC do?

A

Fight infections, granular leuko and mono leave blood dont return, neutro and macro for phagocytosis

39
Q

What does WBC recruited by?

A

Chemotacis

40
Q

What does WBC contain?

A

Lysozyme, myeoperoxidasem lactoferrin, defensins

41
Q

What does esioniphils release?

A

Histaminase

42
Q

What does basophils release?

A

Heparin, Histamine and serotonin

43
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Basophils migrated to tissue for inflammatory

44
Q

What do B cells kill?

A

Bacteria and toxins

45
Q

What do T cells kill?

A

Virus, funghi, cancer cells, transplanted cells

46
Q

What does NK cells kill?

A

Microbes and cancers

47
Q

What is process of neutrophil migrating through blood to wound site?

A

Diapedesis

CRR (27 decks)

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