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CRR > Gas Transport in the Blood > Flashcards

Gas Transport in the Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What do erythrocytes do?

A

maxmises the surface area to volume ration, 1/3 of RBC made up of haemoglobin

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2
Q

what are haemoglobin molecules made up of?

A

4 polypeptides called globins , each bind one heme molecules

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3
Q

What does each heme molecule have?

A

a red colour and binds one iron molecules

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4
Q

What molecule bind oxygen?

A

iron molecules

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5
Q

What does adult haemoglobin have?

A

2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains

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6
Q

What is oxygen rich haemoglobin called?

A

Oxyhaemoglobin

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7
Q

What is oxygen defficient haemoglobin?

A

Deoxyhaemoglobin

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8
Q

What is lifespan of erythrocytes?

A

M 120days F 110 days

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9
Q

How long does erythropoiesis take?

A

takes 4 days and occurs in bone marrow

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10
Q

What stimulates erythropoiesis?

A

low PO2 increases formation of glycoprotein erythropoeitin in the kidney, induces bone marrow to make more erythrocytes

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11
Q

What are 3 factors of transport respiratory gases?

A

Oxygen diffusion gradients
Carbon dioxide diffusion gradients
Haemoglobins oxygen disassociation relationship

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12
Q

What is po2 in alveoli and capillary?

A

104mmhg, po2 in alveolar capillaries is 40mmhg - o2 diffuses following its po2 into blood untill 104mmhg

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13
Q

What does blood leaving the alveolar capillaries have a po2 of?

A

104mm, by the time reaches pulmonary vein will be 95mm -pulmonary vein recieves some deoxygenated blood from bronchial veins - transported to tissues

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14
Q

What will interstitial fluid have a po2 of?

A

40mmhg and cells 20mmhg - oxygen flow from the blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid and then into cells

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15
Q

what do cells produce and why?

A

CO2 and results in intracellular pco2 of 46mmHg but intersitital fluid has a PCO2 of 45mm hg and capillaries supplying the tissues with blood will have PCO2 of 40mm Hg

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16
Q

Where does CO2 diffuse into?

A

blood so that by the time deoxygenated blood pumped back to lungs through pulmonary artery it has a PCO2 of 45mmHg

17
Q

What is PCO2 of alveoli?

A

40mmHg so CO2 diffuses from blood into alveoli - blood passes into pulmonary vein now a PCO2 of 40mmHg

18
Q

How much oxygen does haemoglobin carry?

A

87% in oxygen and 3% in solution of blood plasma. the binding of 02 with haemoglobin is reversible - o2 binds to haemoglobin in lungs disassociates from haemoglobin in the tissues - relationsip described by oxygen disassociation curve

19
Q

When is haemoglobin in erythrocytes 100% saturated with oxygen?

A

Po2 of 80mmHg and above the blood in alveolar capillaries is saturated

20
Q

What is the PO2 of blood in capillaries?

A

Of tissues is 40mmHg and at PO2 40mm haemoglobin is 75% saturated and 25% of o2 carried to disassociate into the interstitial fluid

21
Q

During exercise the PO2 of interstitial fluid is what?

A

In skeletal muscle drop to 15mmHg and at PO2 haemoglobin gives up 75% of its o2

22
Q

When does haemoglobin decline?

A

with decreasing PH when haemoglobin bind O2 at ny PO2

23
Q

What is an Decrease in PH caused by?

A

increase in concentration of hydrogen ions

24
Q

How is carbonic acid formed?

A

as PCO2 increases CO2 combines with water to form.

25
Q

What does carbonic acid disassociate into?

A

carbonic acid disassociates into H and bicarbonate ions

26
Q

What do hydrogen ions bind to?

A

Protein part of haemoglobin molecule causing a comformational change decreasing the affinity of haemoglobin for O2

27
Q

What does a decrease in PH cause?

A

an increasing in the CO2 concentration means a greater PO2 is needed to saturate the haemoglobin - curve shifts to the right

28
Q

What causes oxygen curve to the right?

A

Increases in temperature as accumulation of acidic products such as lactic acid

29
Q

What happens in heavy exercise?

A

CO2 and lactic acid accumulate in tissue and temp increases so 85% of o2 released from haemoglobin

30
Q

IN lungs what happens with increased RR?

A

PCO2 decreases oxygen curve to left so haemoglobin saturates

31
Q

What modifies affinity of haemoglobin for O2?

A

BPG - produced by erythrocytes and decreases the affinity of haemoglobin for 02 - people in high altitudes have high conc of BPG in the blood and increases oxygen delivery to tissues at high altitudes - BPH levels in stored blood decrease with time

32
Q

How is CO2 transported in blood?

A

As CO2 in plasma, combined with blood proteins and in form of bicarbonate ions

33
Q

What are blood proteins that bind CO2 called?

A

Carbamino compounds - CO2 binds to form carbaminoheamoglobin- the affinity of haemoglobin for CO2 is greate if haemoglobin gives up oxygen this is haldane effect in tissue giving up O2 binds to CO2 in alveoli its opposite

34
Q

How does CO2 form carbonic acid?

A

Diffuses into erythrocytes and reacts with water

35
Q

Where does negative bicarb ions diffuse?

A

Out of erythrocytes into blood plasma as a result negative cholride ions move into erythrocytes - maintains electrical balance between in and out of cell

36
Q

What is chloride shift?

A

Exchange of negative chloride ions for negative bicarb ions

37
Q

What happens to hydrogen ions that diffuse out of erythrocytes?

A

PH of plasma would drop and prevented by most hydrogen ion binding

38
Q

When deoxygenated blood reaches alveoli what happens?

A

CO2 in blood diffuses into alveoli and co2 to blood proteins go to alveoli - pco2 blood decreases bicarb bck in erythrocytes and haemoglobin releases hydrogen ions - cholirde ions move out of erythrocytes

39
Q

What causes blood ph increase?

A

Movement of hydrogen ions into erythrocytes and increaseuptake of oxygen by haemoglobin

CRR (27 decks)

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