Anatomy Heart and Major blood vessels

Question 1

Where is the apex and base of the heart?

Answer 1

Apex - bottom point of heart formed by ventricles

Base - formed by atria broad superior surface

Question 2

Where does the heart extend?

Answer 2

obliquely for 12-14cm from 2nd rib to 5th intercostal space

Question 3

How is the heart divided into left and right?

Answer 3

By the septum - seperates left heart (oxygenated) from right heart

Question 4

Where is the heart located?

Answer 4

In the mediastinum from sternum to vertebral column

Question 5

What do the 2 ventricles of the heart do?

Answer 5

Muscular chambers of the heart that eject blood

Question 6

What do the 2 Atria of the heart do?

Answer 6

Collecting chambers of the heart that contract to fill the ventricles

Question 7

What is Systole?

Answer 7

Ventricular contraction - atrial elongation

Question 8

What is Diastole?

Answer 8

Ventricular relaxation and filling

Question 9

What are the major structures of the right atrium?

Answer 9

Tricuspid AV valve

Question 10

What are the major structures of the Right Ventricle?

Answer 10

Pulmonary Artery

Question 11

What are the major structures of the Left atrium?

Answer 11

Biscupid mitral valve AV

Question 12

What are the major structures of the Left ventricle?

Answer 12

the aorta

Question 13

What is the pericardium?

Answer 13

Membrane surrounding and protecting the heart has the fibrous then the serious pericardium, with pericardial fluid to reduce friction

Question 14

What are the 3 Layers of the Heart?

Answer 14

Epicardium (external) - visceral serious pericardium
Myocardium - muscle
Endocardium (inner layer)

Question 15

What wall of the heart has 3 layers?

Answer 15

Myocardial wall

Question 16

What are the 4 Valves of the Heart?

Answer 16

AV : biscuspid, Tricuspid

SL: Aorta, Pulmonary

Question 17

What happens when the Atria Contracts?

Answer 17

The ventricles relax - the valve opens and project into ventricle, in the ventricle the papillary muscles are relaxed and chordae tendinae slack

Question 18

What happens when the Atria Relaxes?

Answer 18

Ventricles Contracts - Pressure drives cusps upward until edges meet and close
Papillary muscles contract tightening chordae tendinae to prevent regurgitation

Question 19

What are the coronary vessels supplying and draining the anterior surface of the heart?

Answer 19

Aortic Arch
Right Coronary Artery
Left Coronary Artery
Marginal Artery
Anterior Interventricular Artery
Great Cardiac Vein

Question 20

Coronary Vessels supplying and draining the posterior surface of the heart?

Answer 20

Coronary Sinus
Great Cardiac vein
Middle Cardiac Vein
Posterior Interventricular artery
Marginal Artery

Question 21

What is anastomoses?

Answer 21

A specific region of heart recieves blood from brances of more than one artery, when they meet and form
- An alternative route for blood should a branch be blocked

Question 22

What does the pulmonary capillaries gain?

Answer 22

Blood loses CO2 ans gains O2

Question 23

What are 3 types of Veins?

Answer 23

Large vein
Medium sized vein
Venule

Question 24

What are the 3 types of Arteries?

Answer 24

Elastic Artery
Muscular Artery
Arteriole

Question 25

What are the 2 capillaries in the heart?

Answer 25

Fenestrated and Continuous

Question 26

What is the heart appearance like?

Answer 26

Stair-step

Question 27

What junctions does intercalated discs hold for what purpose?

Answer 27

Desmosomes - hold fibres together
Gap Junctions - allow action potention conduction
Lots of mitochondria