Anatomy Heart and Major blood vessels Flashcards
Where is the apex and base of the heart?
Apex - bottom point of heart formed by ventricles
Base - formed by atria broad superior surface
Where does the heart extend?
obliquely for 12-14cm from 2nd rib to 5th intercostal space
How is the heart divided into left and right?
By the septum - seperates left heart (oxygenated) from right heart
Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum from sternum to vertebral column
What do the 2 ventricles of the heart do?
Muscular chambers of the heart that eject blood
What do the 2 Atria of the heart do?
Collecting chambers of the heart that contract to fill the ventricles
What is Systole?
Ventricular contraction - atrial elongation
What is Diastole?
Ventricular relaxation and filling
What are the major structures of the right atrium?
Tricuspid AV valve
What are the major structures of the Right Ventricle?
Pulmonary Artery
What are the major structures of the Left atrium?
Biscupid mitral valve AV
What are the major structures of the Left ventricle?
the aorta
What is the pericardium?
Membrane surrounding and protecting the heart has the fibrous then the serious pericardium, with pericardial fluid to reduce friction
What are the 3 Layers of the Heart?
Epicardium (external) - visceral serious pericardium
Myocardium - muscle
Endocardium (inner layer)
What wall of the heart has 3 layers?
Myocardial wall
What are the 4 Valves of the Heart?
AV : biscuspid, Tricuspid
SL: Aorta, Pulmonary
What happens when the Atria Contracts?
The ventricles relax - the valve opens and project into ventricle, in the ventricle the papillary muscles are relaxed and chordae tendinae slack
What happens when the Atria Relaxes?
Ventricles Contracts - Pressure drives cusps upward until edges meet and close
Papillary muscles contract tightening chordae tendinae to prevent regurgitation
What are the coronary vessels supplying and draining the anterior surface of the heart?
Aortic Arch Right Coronary Artery Left Coronary Artery Marginal Artery Anterior Interventricular Artery Great Cardiac Vein
Coronary Vessels supplying and draining the posterior surface of the heart?
Coronary Sinus Great Cardiac vein Middle Cardiac Vein Posterior Interventricular artery Marginal Artery
What is anastomoses?
A specific region of heart recieves blood from brances of more than one artery, when they meet and form
- An alternative route for blood should a branch be blocked
What does the pulmonary capillaries gain?
Blood loses CO2 ans gains O2
What are 3 types of Veins?
Large vein
Medium sized vein
Venule
What are the 3 types of Arteries?
Elastic Artery
Muscular Artery
Arteriole
What are the 2 capillaries in the heart?
Fenestrated and Continuous
What is the heart appearance like?
Stair-step
What junctions does intercalated discs hold for what purpose?
Desmosomes - hold fibres together
Gap Junctions - allow action potention conduction
Lots of mitochondria
