Ventilation and Compliance Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical dead space?

A

Volume of gas occupied by the conducting airways and this gas is not available for gas exchange - 150 ml

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2
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume? (IRV)

A

The maximum volume of air which can be drawn into the lungs at the end of a normal inspiration
3000ml

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3
Q

What is the volume of air at the start of normal inspiration?

A

2300

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4
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The 500ml that we breath in with every breath at rest

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5
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The volume of air we can’t expel from our lungs - holds alveoli open (even after maximal respiration) - 1200 ml

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6
Q

What is the functional residual capacity?

A

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume.

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7
Q

What is a capacity?

A

Two or more volumes added together

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8
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

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9
Q

What is the maximum volume of air a pair of lungs can hold?

A

5800ml

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10
Q

What is pulmonary (Minute) ventilation?

A

Total air movement into/out of lungs (relatively insignificant in functional terms)

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11
Q

What is Alveolar ventilation ?

A

Fresh air getting to alveoli and therefore available for gas exchange (functionally much more significant!)

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12
Q

DIAGRAM

A

.

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13
Q

Will someone who is anxious have a higher or lower tidal volume?

A

Lower but faster respiratory rate

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14
Q

How do you calculate air to alveoli?

A

Tidal - dead space

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15
Q

What is the main factor that affects the aeriolar ventilation?

A

The depth of the breadth, rather than the respiratory rate, because of the influence of the dead space volume.

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16
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Increased ventilation - concerns depth and not frequency of breathing

Relaxed is hyperventilating

17
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

Definition:The pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is equivalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture

18
Q

What measurement of pressure do clinicians use?

A

Kilopascals (kPa)

19
Q

What is another measurement of pressure that isn’t kilopascals?

A

Millimetres mercury mmHg

20
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

760mmHg (101kPa)

21
Q

What is normal alveolar ventilation?

A

4.2 litres/minute

22
Q

Why is the alveolar partial pressure less than atmospheric partial pressure?

A

Inefficiency of breathing - dead space dilutes the amount of oxygen

Residual volume - dilutes the amount of oxygen

Water is added - displaces some of the oxygen

23
Q

What is the partial pressure of the atmosphere?

A

160 mmHg

24
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The maximum volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs at the end of a normal expiration.

25
Q

What is the total lung capacity?

A

The vital capacity plus the residual volume

26
Q

What is the inspiratory capacity?

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume.

27
Q

What does FEV1 stand for?

A

Forced Expired Volume in 1 second

28
Q

what does FEV1:FVC stand for?

A

Fraction of Forced Vital Capacity expired in 1 second

29
Q

What is the fluctuation of PO2 and PCO2 like under normal resting conditions?

A

PO2 and PCO2 remain fairly constant

30
Q

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 during hyper-ventilation (increased alveolar ventilation)?

A

PO2 rises to about 120 mm Hg and PCO2 falls to about 20 mmHg

31
Q

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 during hypo-ventilation (decreased alveolar ventilation)?

A

PO2 falls to 30 mmHg and PCO2 rises to 100 mmHg