Microbiological diagnosis of Chest Infection Flashcards
What are the diagnostic techniques for chest infection?
Microscopy and culture of sputum and blood
Antigen detection methods
Nucleic acid amplification
Serology (measures antibodies)
What are the key aspects of microscopy and culture of sputum?
Gram stain
Culture for major respiratory pathogens
What are the significant major respiratory pathogens?
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella Catarhallis
How do you make sense of the sputum culture results?
Normal upper respiratory are not usually significant
Previous antibiotic therapy can be used to destroy E.Coli and Staph Aureus ruling them out from the cause of respiratory infection
Patient history can be used to distinguish between Community pneumonia vs aspiration pneumonia and ventilated patient
What stain is used for TB?
ZN or Auramine
TB is classed as an AAFB what does this mean?
Alcohol and acid fast bacilli - it cannot be decolourised by acids and alcohols
What length of time is required for TB culture?
Extended
When will M tuberculosis be able to be identified?
Only once it has grown
What is bronchiolar lavage?
A medical procedure in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs and fluid is squirted into a small part of the lung and then collected for examination.
In which part of the lung is airway sample collected?
Lower portions of the airway
What are the main advantages of a Bronchio-alveolar lavage?
Allows a quantitive culture in colony forming units per millilitre. (cfu/ml)
Less liable to contamination
Used for diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia
Who are blood cultures likely to be taken from?
Those with severe sepsis or bacteraemia.
Bacteraemia common in pneumonia patients
Is microscopy possible for blood samples?
No
When blood tubes are intubated how do they know if bacteria are present?
Build up of CO2 which will be picked up by a scanner - process usually takes less than 48 hours
What is done after bacteria in the blood is confirmed?
Overnight sub culture to assess identification and sensitivity
Day 2 confirms the bacteria and its sensitivity