Restrictive (Interstitial) Lung Diseases Flashcards
What is interstitium?
The connective tissue space
around the airways and vessels
and the space between the basement membranes of the alveolar walls
Describe the relationship between the normal alveolar wall and most of the alveolar epithelial (pneumocyte) & interstitial capillary endothelial cell basement membranes
They are in direct contact
What is the material which impedes the elasticity of the alveoli (reducing compliance)?
Collagen
What are the characteristics of Restrictive – Diffuse - Interstitial Lung Disease?
•Reduced Lung Compliance
- Stiff Lungs
•Low FEV1 & Low FVC but FEV1/FVC normal ratio
•
•Reduced Gas Transfer (Tco or Kco)
-Diffusion abnormality
•Ventilation/Perfusion Imbalance
When small airways affected by pathology
Is there airflow limitation in restrictive lung disease?
NO
What are the clinical presentations for restrictive lung disease?
Which one is Normal? Emphysema? Interstitial Lung Disease?
What are the outcomes of Parenchymal (Interstitial) Lung Injury?
Acute inflammation (can develop into chronic response in rare circumstances) or Chronic inflammation
What are the three outcomes of Chronic response?
Which Chronic restrictive disease is most likely to develop end - stage honeycomb lung?
Usual Interstitial Pneumonitis
What does DAD stand for?
Difuse alveolar damage
What is DAD asociated with?
What are the exudative stages of DADS?
Edema and Hyaline membranes
Edema - Vessels become massively leaky - moreso than in a normal response
Hyaline membranes - lots of proteins
What are the proliferative stages of DADS?
What are the histological features of DADS?
What is the commonest interstitial lung disease that you will encounter?
Sarcoidosis
Apart from sarcoidosis what is the other granulomatous respnse?
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
What is the histopathology of sarcoidosis?
Why is sarcoidosis called multisystem?
Involves many organs
Do most patients with sarcoidosis reach end stage fibrotic lung disease?
No ???
What is the presentation of sarcoidosis?
What is the diagnosis of sarcoidosis?