Non - Lung Cancer Thoracic Surgery In The Lung Flashcards
What are the causes of Lung Abscess?
Aspiration of foreign body
Pneumonia
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Lung Cancer
Septic emboli
What eventually fills the space of a lung abscess?
Granulation tissue - collagen
What is the cause of foul smelling pus?
Anaerobic bacteria
How can pancreatitis cause pneumonia?
Causes compression of the lung
What imaging technique is useful for finding pus in the body?
CT
What are the causes of empyema thoracis?
Post pneumonic
Complication of surgery
Blood clot causing pulmonary infarction
Bronchiectasis
Upper abdominal related
Serious injury to the chest (trauma)
An infection elsewhere in the body that has spread via the bloodstream (osteomyelitis)
Tuberculosis
An endoscopy (empyema is a rare complication).
An infection caused by inhaled food, if you have swallowing problems (but this is rare).
What is pleurectomy?
Pleurectomy is a type of surgery in which part of the pleura is removed. This procedure helps to prevent fluid from collecting in the affected area
What are examples of benign lung tumours?
Hamartoma
Fibroma
Lipoma
Neural tumours
Papillomas
Chondroma
Carcinoid
What is meant by tension pneumothorax?
Tension pneumothorax is the progressive build-up of air within the pleural space, usually due to a lung laceration which allows air to escape into the pleural space but not to return
Define haemopneumothorax
Hemopneumothorax, or haemopneumothorax, is a medical term describing the combination of two conditions: pneumothorax, or air in the chest cavity, and hemothorax (also called hæmothorax), or blood in the chest cavity. A hemothorax,pneumothorax or both can occur if the chest wall is punctured.
What are pulmonary blebs?
Pulmonary blebs are small subpleural thin walled air containing spaces, not larger than 1-2 cm in diameter. Their walls are less than 1 mm thick. If they rupture, they allow air to escape into pleural space resulting in a spontaneous pneumothorax
What is the difference between a bleb and a bullae?
Bullae - usually bigger then 2cm
What are the indications for surgery in pneumothorax?
Recurrence
Persistence
Sometimes after one episode
What are the possible surgeries for pneumothorax?
- Pleurodesis
- Pleurectomy
What is pleurodesis?
Can either be chemical or surgical
Chemical - Chemicals such as bleomycin, tetracyline or a slurry of talc can be introduced into the pleural space through a chest drain. The instilled chemicals cause irritation between the parietal and the visceral layers of the pleura which closes off the space between them and prevents further fluid from accumulating.
Surgical - Irritating the parietal pleura with a rough pad. Tunneled pleural catheters are also used to remove pleural fluid. Routine evacuation keeps the pleura together, resulting in physical agitation by the catheter, which slowly causes the pleura to scar together.
