Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common viral agents for upper respiratory tract infections?

A
Adenovirus
Influenza A, B
Para'flu 1, 111
RSV
Rhinovirus
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2
Q

What are the bacterial infective agents common for bacterial infective agents?

A
H influenzae
M catarrhalis
Mycoplasma
S aureus
Streptococci
B haemolytic, S pyogenes
Non haemolytic, S pneumoniae
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3
Q

What is croup?

A

Inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children, associated with infection and causing breathing difficulties.

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4
Q

What are some of the most common URTI’s?

A

Otitis media
Acute tonsilitis
Croup

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5
Q

When is Rhinitis comon?

A

Winter months

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6
Q

What can Rhinitis prodrome to?

A

Pneumonia, bronchiolitis
Meningitis
Septicaemia

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7
Q

What is Otitis media?

A

Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that causes inflammation (redness and swelling) and a build-up of fluid behind the eardrum.

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8
Q

What is clinically significant about Otitis Media?

A

Common, self limiting
Primary Viral infection
Secondary infection with Pneumococcus / Haemophilous influenzae
Causes spontaneous rupture of ear drum
Antibiotic treatment doesn’t usually help

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9
Q

What are the side effects of augmentin?

A

High rates of Diarrhoea

Nappy Rash

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10
Q

What are the deferred treatment benefits?

A

Fewer patients treated

Fewer side effects

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11
Q

What is the problem with prescribing antibiotics for URTI?

A

Antibiotics may work, but take 2/3 days to work
Side effects are bad
End point is the same for treatment vs no treatment

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12
Q

What is the dilemma for treating tonsillitis and pharyngitis?

A

Viral or bacterial?
Microbiology tests to confirm the microorganism take a long time

DON’T GIVE AMOXYCILLIN

Either do nothing or prescribe 10 days penicilin

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13
Q

What causes croup?

A

Para’flu 1

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14
Q

How common is croup?

A

Common

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15
Q

How do you treat croup?

A

Oral dexamethasone

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16
Q

What causes epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilous influenzae type B

17
Q

How common epiglotitis?

A

rare

18
Q

What is the treatment of epiglottitis?

A

Intubation and antibiotics

19
Q

What are the treatments for Croup, Epiglottitis?

A

Croup - Coryza, stridor, hoarse voice, barking cough

Epiglottitis - Stridor and drooling

20
Q

What percentage of URTI’s are self-limiting?

A

99%

Anti-biotics do not usually help