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A2. Respiratory system > Embryology 1 > Flashcards

Embryology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three phases of pregnancy?

A
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2
Q

What are the cells that produce the sperm cells and the ova?

A

Spermatogonia Oogonia

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3
Q

Where are the Spermatogonium Oogonium found?

A

Gonads

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4
Q

What is the contents of a sperm cell?

A

22 chromosomes, 1 X, or 1 Y

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5
Q

What is the contents of an ovum?

A

(22+X) and 3 polar bodies

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6
Q

What fuses to from the zygote?

A

(pro)Nucleus of sperm enters and fuses with the (pro)nucleus of ovum to give a diploid cell called the ZYGOTE

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7
Q

What part of the sperm enters the ovum?

A

Only the nucleus. The rest of the cell is left behind

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8
Q

What happens during week one of pre-embryonic phase?

A
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9
Q

Why are zygotes always unique?

A

No two sperm/ova are the same

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10
Q

Which parent is mitochondrial disease inherited from?

A

Mother

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11
Q

What is a solid ball of cells formed from a zygote called?

A

A morula

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12
Q

What day is a blastocyst formed?

A

Day 5/6 of pre-embryonic phase

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13
Q

Why is the blastocystic cavity formed?

A

•As the number (and size) of cells increase, getting nutrition to the central core of cells starts becoming difficult

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14
Q

How is the blastocystic cavity formed?

A
  • Cells accumulate at one end to form an inner cell mass.
  • The outer lining of cells is called the trophoblast.
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15
Q

How long does the first cell division take?

A

36 hours

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16
Q

What happens on day 5/6?

A

The blastula has formed and this has reached the uterine cavity ready to implant in it.

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17
Q

What is required for the the dividing zygote/ morula/ blastocyst fallopian tube to move and reach the uterine cavity?

A

requires healthy ciliated epithelium

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18
Q

When is ectopic pregnancy likely to occur?

A

Could occur if cilia function is abnormal, pregnancy occurs in the uterine tube. Complications inculde rupturing of the uterine tubes.

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19
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

The mucous membrane lining the uterus, which thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for possible implantation of an embryo.

20
Q

When does the placenta start to develop?

A

This may start by day 6 of 1st week, when implantation occurs in the uterine endometrial layer

21
Q

What is the structure called that ater forms the embryo?

A

Bilaminar disc

22
Q

What structures do we see start to form at week 2?

A

•Sacs, membranes and cord to nourish the human conceptus (baby) start to form

23
Q

What is the role of the chorion?

A

Burrowing

24
Q

What cells are initially called to trophoblasts?

A

Cells that form the outer cell mass

25
Q

What forms the chorion?

A

The trophoblast

26
Q

What does the chorion form?

A

Finger like processes (chorionic villi)

27
Q

What does the Chorion do?

A
28
Q

What is the function of HCG?

A

Tells the ovary to continue producing oestrogen and progesterone, so that the endometrium does not get shed.

29
Q

What is used to test for pregnancy?

A

HCG

30
Q

What is the decidua basalis?

A

part of the endometrium deep to the implanted conceptus.

31
Q

What is the decidua?

A

The are in the endometrium where the blastocyst implants

32
Q

Which part of the endometrium contains more blood vessels?

A

Decidua basalis

33
Q

When does HCG content increase until?

A

•Maternal blood (and urine) levels of hCG increase till around 12 weeks gestation

34
Q

What is the change in structure of the inner cell mass?

A

•The cells of the inner cell mass form a 2–layered flat disc called the BILAMINAR DISC

35
Q

What is the name of the two cell cavities formed by the inner cell mass?

A
  • 2 cavities now begin to form:
  • Amniotic cavity (A)
  • Yolk sac (Y)
36
Q

What is the name of the abbreviated structures?

A
37
Q

How does the chorion handle the blood of the embryo?

A

Prevents maternal blood and embryo blood to mix?

38
Q

Look

A
39
Q

What are the main functions of the placenta?

A

Main functions:

  1. Foetal nutrition
  2. Transport of waste and gases
  3. Immune etc
40
Q

Which part of the placenta is smooth?

A

Foetal part and surface: smooth with foetal blood vessels and end of umbilical cord

41
Q

Which part of the placenta is rough?

A

Maternal part: Decidua basalis of endometrium

Rough and has maternal blood vessels

42
Q

When is the placenta mature?

A

By 18-20 weeks

43
Q

How are fraternal/dizygotic twins formed?

A
44
Q

How does an identical twin/monozygotic twin formed?

A
45
Q

Summary of Weeks 1 and 2

A
46
Q
A

A2. Respiratory system (77 decks)

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