Anatomy of The CVS 2

Question 1

What is similar between the heart endocardium and the tunica intima of blood vessels?

Answer 1

Both are composed of epithelium, basement membrane and connective tissue

Question 2

What is the tunica media made from?

Answer 2

Muscle - equivalent to myocardium

Question 3

What is the tunica adventitia made from?

Answer 3

Connective tissue

Question 4

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

Answer 4

Tunica intima

Tunica Media

Tunica adventitia

Question 5

Describe the epithelium in the tunica intima

Answer 5

Simple and squamous

Question 6

Describe the tissue in the tunica media

Answer 6

Smooth muscle tissue and elastic tissue

Question 7

Describe the tissue in the tunica adventitia

Answer 7

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 8

Which is bigger, tha artery or the accompanying vein?

Answer 8

Accompanying vein

Question 9

Which has a thicker wall, artery or vein?

Answer 9

Artery

Question 10

Describe the thickness of the media and the adventitia in an artery and a vein

Answer 10

Thick media and thin adventitia in artery

Veins - Thin media and thick adventitia – needs more support

Question 11

Describe the diamters and total cross sectional area in arteries

Answer 11

Diameters:

Arteries > arterioles > capillaries

Total cross sectional area:

Arteries < arterioles < capillaries

Question 12

Describe the function of the tunica adventitia

Answer 12

Tunica adventitia, lots of connective tissue, collagen – connects to surrounding tissue

Question 13

Where do you find elastic fibres in a muscular artery?

Answer 13

Just under the epithelium and in the space between the media and the adventitia

Question 14

What are the types of arteries?

Answer 14

Elastic

Muscular

Arterioles

Question 15

What are elastic arteries?

Answer 15

Large and conducting (aorta, common carotid, pumonary trunk)

LOTS of STRETCH

Question 16

What are muscular arteries?

Answer 16

Distributing arteries

(coronary arteries, radial and femoral)

Conducitng fibres - not musch elastic

Question 17

What are arterioles?

Answer 17

Terminal branches which supply blood to the capillary bed

Question 18

When are the elastic arteries stretched?

Answer 18

During systole

Question 19

How do elasticarteries maintain blood pressure?

Answer 19

Heart relaxes during diastole, pressure falls and the artery recoils

Question 20

Where in the elastic arteries do you find extensive amounts of elastic fibres?

Answer 20

In the tunica media in the form of layers (laminae)

Question 21

What are the elastic fibres sereted by?

Answer 21

Smooth muscle

Question 22

Where are the muscle cells in muscular arteries?

Answer 22

In the thick tunica media

Question 23

Is there elastic lamina between the muscle cells in the tunica media?

Answer 23

NO

Question 24

Where are elastic fibres concentrated in the muscular arteries?

Answer 24

In 2 well defined sheets called the internal elastic lamina (IEL) just under epithelium and the thin outer elastic lamina (OEL) between T.media & T. adventitia

Question 25

What does the tunica intima contain?

Answer 25

Endothelium, basement membrane NO internal elastic lamina

Question 26

How many layers of smooth muscle are contained within the Tunica media in arterioles?

Answer 26

Only 1-2 layers

Question 27

Is there tunica adventitia in the arterioles?

Answer 27

NO

Question 28

Why are nerves found next to arterioles?

Answer 28

•Rich sympathetic nerve innervation

Question 29

What is the role of arterioles?

Answer 29

* Control blood flow to capillary beds (local) * Control blood pressure (systemic)

Question 30

What is the main exchange site for nutrients and gases?

Answer 30

Capillaries

Question 31

Describe the layers present in capillaries

Answer 31

Tunica intima only

Question 32

What are pericytes?

Answer 32

Contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells of capillaries and venules throughout the body. They help control flow of blood in the capillaries.

Question 33

Why is the blood pressure in the capillaries low?

Answer 33

Sum of diameters of all capillaries in body \> diameter of aorta

Question 34

What are the three types of capillary?

Answer 34

Continuous Fenestrated Discontinuous

Question 35

What is the difference between the basal lamina in fenestrated and discontinuous capillary?

Answer 35

Fenestrated = Complete basal lamina (contains protein diaphragms) Discontinuous = Incomplete basal lamina (no protein diaphragms)

Question 36

Where do you find a continuous capillary?

Answer 36

Muscle

Question 37

How does a continuous capilllary work?

Answer 37

Can control what is exchanged Material must pass through cell, or between cell (junctions can control) Selective transport mechanisms

Question 38

What are Fenestrations?

Answer 38

Pores in fenestrated capillary

Question 39

What is the purpose of protein diaphragms in the fenestrated capillary?

Answer 39

Filter molecules by MW &/or charge

Question 40

Where do you find fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 40

Endocrine glands, kidney renal corpuscle – when you need a bit of filtration

Question 41

Where are gaps found in the discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 41

Between endothelial cells (and basement membrane)

Question 42

What is the purpose of the gaps in the discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 42

Allow free passage of fluid and cells

Question 43

Where do you find discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 43

Liver, spleen and bone marrow ## Footnote SINUSOIDS ARE DISCONTINUOS CAPILLARIES

Question 44

What are sinusoids?

Answer 44

Large diameter discontinuous capillaries

Question 45

Where do you find sinusoids?

Answer 45

Found where large amount of exchange takes place e.g: liver, some endocrine glands

Question 46

What is contained within the tunica intima of the sinusoids?

Answer 46

phagocytic cells

Question 47

What are arteriovenous shunts?

Answer 47

Question 48

What is the names given to the types of vein from small to large?

Answer 48

Capillary bed - small venule - small- medium sized vein - large vein

Question 49

What are the different layers in veins like?

Answer 49

T.intima is thin Internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina is thin or absent T media is thin or absent T adventitia os collagenous tissue Valves – to prevent back flow – endothelial projections into lumen

Question 50

What is the difference between superficial and deep veins?

Answer 50

Question 51

Where are lymph nodes often found?

Answer 51

Alongside major veins and around origins of major arteries

Question 52

What directs flow in the lymphatic system?

Answer 52

Valves

Question 53

Describe lymph capillaries

Answer 53

Blind ended Lined by very thin endothelium No fenestrations Absent / rudimentary basal lamina Lumen maintained at negative hydrostatic pressure Anchoring filaments – fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open No red blood cells in the lumen

Question 54

What is the name given to vessels of vessels?

Answer 54

Vasovasorum

Question 55

Where do you find lymphatics in blood vessels (as organs) Tissue adventitia