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A2. Respiratory system > Anatomy of The CVS 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of The CVS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is similar between the heart endocardium and the tunica intima of blood vessels?

A

Both are composed of epithelium, basement membrane and connective tissue

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2
Q

What is the tunica media made from?

A

Muscle - equivalent to myocardium

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3
Q

What is the tunica adventitia made from?

A

Connective tissue

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4
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

A

Tunica intima

Tunica Media

Tunica adventitia

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5
Q

Describe the epithelium in the tunica intima

A

Simple and squamous

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6
Q

Describe the tissue in the tunica media

A

Smooth muscle tissue and elastic tissue

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7
Q

Describe the tissue in the tunica adventitia

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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8
Q

Which is bigger, tha artery or the accompanying vein?

A

Accompanying vein

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9
Q

Which has a thicker wall, artery or vein?

A

Artery

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10
Q

Describe the thickness of the media and the adventitia in an artery and a vein

A

Thick media and thin adventitia in artery

Veins - Thin media and thick adventitia – needs more support

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11
Q

Describe the diamters and total cross sectional area in arteries

A

Diameters:

Arteries > arterioles > capillaries

Total cross sectional area:

Arteries < arterioles < capillaries

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12
Q

Describe the function of the tunica adventitia

A

Tunica adventitia, lots of connective tissue, collagen – connects to surrounding tissue

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13
Q

Where do you find elastic fibres in a muscular artery?

A

Just under the epithelium and in the space between the media and the adventitia

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14
Q

What are the types of arteries?

A

Elastic

Muscular

Arterioles

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15
Q

What are elastic arteries?

A

Large and conducting (aorta, common carotid, pumonary trunk)

LOTS of STRETCH

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16
Q

What are muscular arteries?

A

Distributing arteries

(coronary arteries, radial and femoral)

Conducitng fibres - not musch elastic

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17
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Terminal branches which supply blood to the capillary bed

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18
Q

When are the elastic arteries stretched?

A

During systole

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19
Q

How do elasticarteries maintain blood pressure?

A

Heart relaxes during diastole, pressure falls and the artery recoils

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20
Q

Where in the elastic arteries do you find extensive amounts of elastic fibres?

A

In the tunica media in the form of layers (laminae)

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21
Q

What are the elastic fibres sereted by?

A

Smooth muscle

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22
Q

Where are the muscle cells in muscular arteries?

A

In the thick tunica media

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23
Q

Is there elastic lamina between the muscle cells in the tunica media?

A

NO

24
Q

Where are elastic fibres concentrated in the muscular arteries?

A

In 2 well defined sheets called the internal elastic lamina (IEL) just under epithelium and the thin outer elastic lamina (OEL) between T.media & T. adventitia

25
Q

What does the tunica intima contain?

A

Endothelium, basement membrane NO internal elastic lamina

26
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are contained within the Tunica media in arterioles?

A

Only 1-2 layers

27
Q

Is there tunica adventitia in the arterioles?

A

NO

28
Q

Why are nerves found next to arterioles?

A

•Rich sympathetic nerve innervation

29
Q

What is the role of arterioles?

A
  • Control blood flow to capillary beds (local)
  • Control blood pressure (systemic)
30
Q

What is the main exchange site for nutrients and gases?

A

Capillaries

31
Q

Describe the layers present in capillaries

A

Tunica intima only

32
Q

What are pericytes?

A

Contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells of capillaries and venules throughout the body.

They help control flow of blood in the capillaries.

33
Q

Why is the blood pressure in the capillaries low?

A

Sum of diameters of all capillaries in body > diameter of aorta

34
Q

What are the three types of capillary?

A

Continuous

Fenestrated

Discontinuous

35
Q

What is the difference between the basal lamina in fenestrated and discontinuous capillary?

A

Fenestrated = Complete basal lamina (contains protein diaphragms)

Discontinuous = Incomplete basal lamina (no protein diaphragms)

36
Q

Where do you find a continuous capillary?

A

Muscle

37
Q

How does a continuous capilllary work?

A

Can control what is exchanged

Material must pass through cell, or between cell (junctions can control)

Selective transport mechanisms

38
Q

What are Fenestrations?

A

Pores in fenestrated capillary

39
Q

What is the purpose of protein diaphragms in the fenestrated capillary?

A

Filter molecules by MW &/or charge

40
Q

Where do you find fenestrated capillaries?

A

Endocrine glands, kidney renal corpuscle – when you need a bit of filtration

41
Q

Where are gaps found in the discontinuous capillaries?

A

Between endothelial cells (and basement membrane)

42
Q

What is the purpose of the gaps in the discontinuous capillaries?

A

Allow free passage of fluid and cells

43
Q

Where do you find discontinuous capillaries?

A

Liver, spleen and bone marrow

SINUSOIDS ARE DISCONTINUOS CAPILLARIES

44
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Large diameter discontinuous capillaries

45
Q

Where do you find sinusoids?

A

Found where large amount of exchange takes place

e.g: liver, some endocrine glands

46
Q

What is contained within the tunica intima of the sinusoids?

A

phagocytic cells

47
Q

What are arteriovenous shunts?

A
48
Q

What is the names given to the types of vein from small to large?

A

Capillary bed - small venule - small- medium sized vein - large vein

49
Q

What are the different layers in veins like?

A

T.intima is thin

Internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina is thin or absent

T media is thin or absent

T adventitia os collagenous tissue

Valves – to prevent back flow – endothelial projections into lumen

50
Q

What is the difference between superficial and deep veins?

A
51
Q

Where are lymph nodes often found?

A

Alongside major veins and around origins of major arteries

52
Q

What directs flow in the lymphatic system?

A

Valves

53
Q

Describe lymph capillaries

A

Blind ended

Lined by very thin endothelium

No fenestrations

Absent / rudimentary basal lamina

Lumen maintained at negative hydrostatic pressure

Anchoring filaments – fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open

No red blood cells in the lumen

54
Q

What is the name given to vessels of vessels?

A

Vasovasorum

55
Q

Where do you find lymphatics in blood vessels (as organs)

Tissue adventitia

A

A2. Respiratory system (77 decks)

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