Sleep Apnoea and Neuromuscular Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
What does OSAS stand for?
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Define nacrolepsy
A condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings.
What is often a comon feature of patients suffering from narcolepsy?
Cataplexy - a medical condition in which strong emotion or laughter causes a person to suffer sudden physical collapse though remaining conscious.
What is primary snoring?
–snoring without apnea, hypoventilation, hypoxia, hypercapnea, daytime symptoms
What can primary snoring progress to?
OSAS
When is OSAS most common?
Pre-school child
What is the prevalence of OSAS?
2%
What are the associated morbidities with sleep apnoea?
Failure to thrive
Neurocognitive defects/adhd
Systemic hypertension
Cor Pulmonale
What is the difference between Adult versus Childhood OSAS?
What is the treatment for OSAS?
Adenotonsillectomy
CPAP - (Continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP ) uses a machine to help a person who has obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) breathe more easily during sleep. ACPAP machine increases air pressure in your throat so that your airway doesn’t collapse when you breathe in)
Weight loss
Avoid environmental tobacco smoke
What are the respiratory disorders associated with sleep apnoea?
Chronic neonatal lung disease
–hypoxaemia in REM sleep (similar COPD)
–cardiac complications
Cystic Fibrosis
–FEV1 30-60% associated with decrease SaO2 (~8%)
–less REM/more awakenings
Asthma
What neuorlogical disorders are associated with sleep disorders?
Cerebral palsy
–fragmented sleep/delayed onset
–melatonin
Down Syndrome
–OSAS
Prader-Willi Syndrome
–excessive daytime sleepiness
•Neuromuscular disease (Duchenne’s MD)
–death due to respiratory failure
–nocturnal desaturation associated with FVC <1litre
–increasing quality of life/survival with BiPAP - Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
What are the three types of sleep apnoea?
Obstructive sleep apnoea - caused by blockage in the upper airway
Central sleep apnea - brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe
Mixed apnoea - combination of above
Which type of sleep apnea is most common in infants and premature babies?
Central sleep apnea
Who often has mixed apnea?
SMaller premature babies