Vector-borne & Systemic Diseases Flashcards
Systemic Disease
Condition or disorder that affects the whole body or involves many organs
Rheumatic Disease
Autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that attack the joints, muscles, bones, and organs
Lupus
Chronic autoimmune disorder (exacerbation or remission disorder)
Lupus S&S
Musculoskeletal:
- muscle aches/pains, arthritis, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, fibromyalgia
Skin:
- red rash, hair loss, red scaly patches, oral ulcers
CNS:
- seizures, psychosis, dec cognitive function, stroke, coma
Cardiac:
- Atherosclerosis
Lupus Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- NSAIDs
Lupus Athletic Presentation
Butterfly rash + unexplained joint pain
RTP case-by-case basis
Raynaud’s
A vascular disorder that causes the blood vessels of the body to constrict in reaction to stimuli (most often in fingers, toes, nose, and ear)
- Raynaud’s disease (primary disease)
- Raynaud’s phenomenon (secondary to other disease or medication)
Raynaud’s S&S
- Pallor
- cyanosis
- erythema
- sequella of other conditions (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, hypertension)
Raynaud’s Treatment
refer to rheumatologist & avoid triggers
Infectious Mononucleosis
- Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (herpesvirus)
- spread through oropharyngeal saliva
- 10-50 day incubation period
Infectious Mononucleosis S&S
- fatigue
- pharyngitis
- anorexia
- fever
- lymphadenopathy
- malaise
- tonsillitis
- splenomegaly
- maculopapular rash (flat, red area of skin covered by elevated bumps)
Infectious Mononucleosis Treatment
- rest
- hydration
- OTC acetaminophen
Infectious Mononucleosis RTP
- removed from activity
- may resue activity in 3 weeks if:
1. symptoms have fully resolved
2. spleen not markedly enlarged or tender
3. afebrile
4. liver functioning normally
Lymphatic system
convey lymph from organs to the CV system (assist with immune system function)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoimmune disease affecting joints (i.e. joint pain/swelling and bone & cartilage damage)
- juvenile rheumatoid arthritis occurs below the age of 16
Rheumatoid Arthritis S&S
- tender and swollen joints
- deformation of joints
- joint stiffness
- fatigue
- fever
- loss of appetite
- weight loss
- weakness
- skin rash
- nerve pain
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment
refer to rheumatologist is persistent pain and swelling in joints
Gout
Form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the crystallization of uric acid in the joints
Predisposing factors:
- obesity
- diabetes
- hypertension
- kidney disease
- alcohol abuse
- diuretics
- diet high in animal protein
Gout S&S
- joint pain
- redness
- stiffness
- swelling
- severe tenderness
- heat
S&S can be relapsing or remitting
Gout Treatment
- refer to rheumatologist
- NSAIDs and Rx meds
- activity modification
- diet modification
Fibromyalgia
Chronic, non-inflammatory disease
- fibrous tissue muscle pain
Fibromyalgia S&S
- severe and diffuse pain
- pain worst in neck, LB, and jaw
- fatigue
- sleep disturbances
- reproductive and urinary changes
- skin abnormalities
- vision changes or problems
Fibromyalgia Treatment
refer to rheumatologist
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Severe or disabling fatigue for more than 6 months (systemic exertional intolerance disease (SEID))
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome S&S
fatigue for over 6 months
- substantially impaired concentration and short-term memory
- muscle pain
- headache
- tender/swollen lymph nodes
- poor sleep quality
- post-exertional malaise
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Treatment
Refer to general physician
Sojgren’s Syndrome
Autoimmune disorder that attacks the salivary and lachrymal glands
Sojgren’s Syndrome S&S
- dry eyes & mouth
- joint pain, swelling, & stiffness
- swollen salivary glands
- skin dryness & rashes
- vaginal dryness
- persistent dry cough
- persistent fatigue
The Thyroid
“master gland”
- located on the trachea
- works in conjunction with pituitary gland
- released thyroxine (T3) & triiodothyronine (T4)
- controls: metabolism, growth, breathing and HR, menstrual cycle, thermoregulation, cholesterol levels
HypERthyroidism
- Excessive production of thyroid hormones (aka Graves’ disease)
- autoimmune disorder
HypERthyroidism S&S
- enlarged thyroid
- bulging eyes
- inc HR
- heart palpitations
- depression, anxiety, or panic attacks
- shakiness
- weight loss
- GI issues
- inc sweating
- brisk reflexes
HypERthyroidism Treatment
- refer to endocrinologist
- may require meds &/or surgery
HypOthyroidism
decreased production of thyroid hormones (less common than hyperthyroidism)
HypOthyroidism S&S
- weakness
- fatigue
- dry rough skin
- cold intolerence
- weight gain
- tongue thickening
- hair loss or changes
- depression
- voice changes
- memory imparments
HypOthyroidism Treatment
- refer to endocrinologist
- hormone replacement therapy
Hypercortisolism
form and adrenal disorder
- adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol
Hypercortisolism S&S
- fatigue
- muscle weakness
- weight loss
- low mood
- loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss
- inc thirst
- bronze colored skin
craving salt
Hypercortisolism Treatment
- refer to endocrinologist
- hormone replacement therapy
Addison’s Crisis
life-threatening condition where body has extremely low levels of cortisol
Addison’s Crisis S&S
- severe weakness
- confusion
- pain in back and lower legs
- abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea
- altered consciousness
- low BP
Addison’s Crisis Treatment
inject with hydrocortisone
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas (40% due to gall stones blocking bile duct / 35% due to alcohol abuse)
may be life-threatening (necrotizing pancreatitis + internal bleeding)
Pancreatitis S&S
- epigastric discomfort
- nausea
- weight loss
- vomiting
- low to absent bowel sounds
- abdominal rigidity, distension, guarding
- fever
- confusion
- jaundice
- tachycardia
Pancreatitis Treatment
- refer to general medicine physician
- emergency referral if: pain is more than 20 consecutive minutes
Vector-borne disease
disease in which an organism (typically an insect) carry a pathogen from one host to another
Zoonotic Disease
disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans by contact with the animals
Lyme disease
bacterial infection (borrelia burgdorferi)
- caused by deer tick or western black-legged tick)
Lyme disease S&S
Localized lyme disease (70-80%)
- erythema migrans
- headache, muscle/joint ache, fever, fatigue, stiff neck
Disseminated lyme disease
- facial nerve palsies, meningitis, cardiac chest pain, palpitations, SOB, fatigue
Late lyme disease
- musculoskeletal and CNS involvement (joint swelling & cognitive decline)
Lyme disease Treatment
Care:
- promptly remove tick (36 hours)
refer:
- early oral antibiotics
- chronic lyme disease (treat symptoms
Lyme disease RTP
when symptoms have cleared (not contagious to other athletes)
Zika Virus
spread by mosquitos
Zika Virus S&S
- maculopapular rash
- fever
- conjunctivitis
- joint and muscle pain
- headache
Zika Virus Treatment
refer to primary physician
West nile virus
spread my mosquitos
West nile virus S&S
- headache
- fever
- muscle and neck pain/tightness
- altered mental status
- swollen lymph nodes
West nile virus Treatment
refer to primary physician
