GI Pathologies Flashcards
Viral Gastroenteritis (stomach flu) Cause
Inflammation of the stomach and Small intestines
Viral Gastroenteritis (stomach flu) S&S
- diarrhea
- nausea
- repeated emesis
- fever (body aches, muscle pain, chills)
Viral Gastroenteritis (stomach flu) Treatment
- OTC antiperistaltic drug or bismuth compound
- hydration
- diet
Viral Gastroenteritis (stomach flu) RTP
- symptoms have resolved
- demonstrate adequate hydration
- demonstrate adequate nutrition
Food Poisoning cause
Bacterial infection caused by improperly cooked, stored, or handled food
Food Poisoning S&S
May present 4-6 hrs or 3-10 days after ingestion
- fever
- nausea
- emesis
- diarrhea
- abdominal cramps
Food Poisoning Treatment
- OTC antiperistaltic drug or bismuth compound
- OTC antiemetic
- Antibiotic
- hydration
- diet
Food Poisoning RTP
- symptoms have resolved
- demonstrate adequate hydration
- demonstrate adequate nutrition
Acid Reflux Disorder Cause
Stomach acid in the esophagus or back of the throat caused by (food, meds, fam history, obesity, exercise, behavioral disorder)
Acid Reflux Disorder S&S
- chest pain
- belching
- chronic coughing
- laryngitis
Acid Reflux Disorder Treatment
- OTC antacids & H2 receptor antagonist
- change in diet
- change in lifestyle
Acid Reflux Disorder RTP
as tolerated with diet modifications
Peptic Ulcer Disease Cause
Ulcer in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Caused by:
- NSAIDs
- spicy food
- stress
Peptic Ulcer Disease S&S
- pain between naval and breast bone
- pain after meals that change w/ food
- loss of appetite
- weight loss
- emesis
Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatment
- OTC antacids & H2 receptor antagonists
- change in diet
change in lifestyle
Peptic Ulcer Disease RTP
As tolerated with diet modifications
Appendicitis Cause
Acute obstruction and inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis S&S
- general umbilicus pain
- McBurneys point
- anorexia
- emesis
- diarrhea
- psoas sign
- obturator sign
- rovsing sign
Appendicitis Treatment
Surgical emergency
Appendicitis RTP
surgeon clearance
Cholecystitis Cause
Inflammation of the gallbladder, typically paired with gallstones
Cholecystitis S&S
- RUQ pain
- Jaundice
- fat intolerance
- anorexia
- emesis
- fever
- murphy’s sign
Cholecystitis Treatment
Surgical removal
Cholecystitis RTP
Surgeon clearance
Chrons Disease & Ulcerative Colitis Cause
Severe inflammatory bowel diseases:
- Chrons: affects small intestine
- Ulcerative Colitis: affects colon
Chrons Disease & Ulcerative Colitis S&S
- Chronic abdominal pain
- cramping
- weight loss
- bloody diarrhea
- anemia
Chrons Disease & Ulcerative Colitis Treatment
Lifestyle management:
- increase fluid intake
- small meals throughout the day
- avoid high fiber & greasy/fatty foods
- stress management
- Bowel restriction
- NSAIDs
Celiac Disease Cause
An autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the lining of small intestines resulting in nutritional malabsorption
Celiac Disease S&S
Diffuse:
- fam hx
- anemia
- bone density
- weight loss
- chronic diarrhea
- abdominal distension
Celiac Disease Treatment
- education
- dietary change
Celiac Disease RTP
- no restriction
- treat as symptoms appear
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Cause
cause unknown (affects people in their 20s by stress and heredity)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome S&S
- diarrhea
- constipation
- upper abdominal bloating
- urgency with bowel movements
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment
- high fiber diets
- stress management
- laxatives, hyperosmotic agents, antiperistaltic agents, bismuth
Hernia Cause
protrusion on the abdominal viscera through the abdominal wall
Caused by direct blow or repeated straining
Hernia S&S
- pain and discomfort
- protrusion
Hernia Treatment
referral
Hemorrhoids Cause
- painful swollen veins in the lower portion of the rectum or anus
- commonly caused by straining during bowel movements or sitting for periods of time
Hemorrhoids S&S
- itching
- anal pain
- pain w/ sitting
- bright red blood on toiler paper
- bloody stool
- hard tender lumps near anus
Hemorrhoids Treatment
- OTC corticosteroid creams
- hemorrhoid cream w/ lidocaine
- wear cotton underwear
- avoid scratching
- surgery
Reyes Syndrome Cause
Occurring in children taking aspirin, have metabolic disorders, or are recovering from viral infections (affects the liver and brain)
Reyes Syndrome S&S
- diarrhea
- rapid breathing
- vomiting
- severe fatigue
- confusion
- LOC
- seizures
Reyes Syndrome Treatment
Immediate referral
