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Gen Med > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious diseases

A

disorders caused by organisms

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2
Q

pathogens

A

invasion or infection of a host by microorganism

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3
Q

Bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that cause diseases

A
  • disrupt a vital body process
  • stimulates the immune system to support a defensive reaction
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4
Q

Direct Transmission

A
  • Contact between body surfaces (touching or sexual intercourse
  • droplet spread (inhalation of contaminated air droplets from someone who sneezes in close proximity)
  • fecal-oral spread (feces on the host’s hands are brought into contact with the new host’s mouth)
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5
Q

Indirect Transmission

A
  • water, food, towels, clothing, and eating utensils
  • by living things (insects, bird, or animals)
  • airborne transmission
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6
Q

5 stages of infection

A
  1. incubation period (no S&S)
  2. Prodomoal period (vague, general symptoms)
  3. illness (most severe S&S)
  4. decline (declining s&S)
  5. convalescence (no S&S)
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7
Q

Incubation period

A
  • no S&S
  • from the time a pathogen enters the body until it multiplies to the point where S&S of disease begins to appear
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8
Q

Prodromal Period

A
  • vague, general S&S
  • a variety of S&S may briefly develop
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9
Q

Illness Period

A
  • most severe S&S
  • the disease reaches its greatest development
  • high likelihood of transmitting other diseases
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10
Q

Decline Period

A
  • decline in S&S
  • first signs of recovery appear
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11
Q

Convalesce Period

A
  • no S&S
  • apparent recovery
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12
Q

Mumps

A
  • a contagious viral disease that manifests w/ enlarged parotid and salivary glands
  • 2-3 week incubation period
  • Transmission: airborne, direct/indirect salivary secretions
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13
Q

Mumps S&S

A
  • parotitis
  • headache
  • fever
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • vomiting
  • joint pain
  • dry mouth
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14
Q

Mumps Treatment

A
  • soft foods (avoid spicy or acidic foods)
  • OTC meds
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15
Q

Mumps RTP

A

at physician discretion (10-14 days)

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16
Q

Measles

A
  • Spread is attributed to living in remote communities, misinformation regarding vaccines, cultural factors, and insufficient vaccine
  • 1-2 week incubation period
  • Transmission: airborne, droplet or nasal or throat secretions
17
Q

Measles S&S

A
  • rash
  • sore throat
  • fever
  • conjunctivitis
  • cough
18
Q

Measles Treatment

A
  • no antiviral meds
  • treat symptoms
  • OTC analgesics/antipyretics
19
Q

Measles Prevention

A

vaccine

20
Q

Varicella Virus

A

“Chicken Pox”
- highly contagious childhood disease

21
Q

Varicella Virus S&S

A
  • full bodu maculopapular rash
  • headaches
  • fever
  • malaise
22
Q

Varicella Virus Treatment

A
  • antiviral treatment (acyclovir)
  • pain meds
  • topical analgesics
23
Q

Varicella Virus RTP

A
  • 10-14 days of antiviral treatment
  • lesions have firm, adherent crust
  • no signs of secondary bacterial infection
24
Q

Herpes Zoster Virus

A

“shingles”
- reactivation of varicella in dorsal root ganglia and terminal nerve roots
- can only get this if you have had varicella virus

25
Q

Herpes Zoster Virus S&S

A
  • painful rash spanning dermatomes
26
Q

Herpes Zoster Virus Treatment

A
  • pain meds
  • antiviral treatment (acyclovir)
  • topical analgesics
27
Q

Herpes Zoster Virus RTP

A
  • 10-14 days of antiviral treatment
  • lesions have firm, adherent crust
  • no signs of secondary bacterial infection
28
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver and is characterized by diffuse necrosis affecting the smallest secretory units in the liver
- incubation period of 2 weeks to 6 months

29
Q

Hepatitis S&S

A
  • malaise
  • fatigue
  • URTI
  • mild abdominal pain
  • joint pain
  • headaches
  • fever
  • rash
  • jaundice (appears in 5-10 days and lasts for 1-2 weeks)
30
Q

Hepatitis Treatment

A

usually resolve in 4-8 weeks, but many have lasting issues

31
Q

Hepatitis A

A

transmitted through oral-fecal contact and poor sanitation
- 2/3 of all cases
- high fever
- prevention: vaccine

32
Q

Hepatitis B

A

transmitted through blood or bodily fluids
- 100x easier to contract than HIV
- can live outside host for extended period of time
- can become chronic
- asymptomatic
- Prevention: vaccine

33
Q

Hepatitis C

A

transmitted through blood or bodily fluids
- 50-84% become chronic
- highest mortality rate
- 20% result in Cirrhosis
- no prevention besides avoiding risky behavior

34
Q

Hepatitis D

A

transmitted through blood or bodily fluids
- similar to HBV
- 2-20% mortality rate
- highly prone to developing chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of liver
- prevention: HBV vaccine

35
Q

Hepatitis E

A

transmitted through oral-fecal and contaminated water/food
- Prevention: ensure safe drinking water, avoid undercooked pork & shellfish

Gen Med (15 decks)

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