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Gen Med > Ocular Pathologies > Flashcards

Ocular Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Myopia

A

nearsighted (longer than normal eye)

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2
Q

Hyperopia

A

far-sighted (shorter than normal eye)

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3
Q

Astigmatism

A

nonspherical cornea (multiple curvatures)

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4
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva
- bacterial and viral are very contagious
- allergies or injuries are not contagious

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5
Q

Conjunctivitis S&S

A
  • redness
  • burning
  • itching
  • irritation
  • discharge
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6
Q

Conjunctivitis Treatment

A

refer

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7
Q

Conjunctivitis RTP

A

Allergic = as tolerated

Viral = out until resolved

Bacterial = 2-3 days after antibiotics

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8
Q

Sty

A

an inflamed oil gland on the eyelid around lash follicles (AKA hordeolum)

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9
Q

Sty S&S

A
  • red swollen bump
  • localized pain
  • “something in eye”
  • pimple appearance
  • TTP
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10
Q

Sty Treatment

A
  • warm compress
  • avoid eye makeup
  • do not squeeze
  • OTC antibiotic cream
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11
Q

Hyphema

A

Blood in anterior chamber of the eye caused by direct trauma (often associated with corneal abrasions/lacerations, preorbital contusions, and orbital fractures)

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12
Q

Hyphema S&S

A
  • Blood in the iris of the eye
  • pain
  • photosensitivity
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13
Q

Hyphema Treatment

A
  • immediate referral
  • keep athlete sitting up 30 degrees
  • bed rest w/ head elevated 30 degrees
  • eye drops to decrease inflammation and lower intraocular pressure
  • surgical drainage may be needed
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14
Q

Hyphema RTP

A
  • return when symptoms have resolved (typically 2-3 weeks)
  • protective eyewear
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15
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

A

Small blood vessels break between the surface of the clear conjunctiva and white sclera

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16
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage S&S

A
  • bright red path on sclera
  • no pain
  • no discharge
  • no visual disturbances
17
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Treatment

A

will resolve on its own in 10-14 days

18
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage RTP

A
  • no restrictions unless noted by physician or complications occur
19
Q

Corneal Abrasion

A

Scratch on the surface of the cornea (most commonly caused by direct contact w/ foreign objects)

20
Q

Corneal Abrasion S&S

A
  • sensation of something in the eye
  • grittiness
  • tearing
  • photosensitivity
  • blurry vision
  • conjunctivitis
21
Q

Corneal Abrasion Treatment

A
  • refer
  • artificial tear eye drops
  • topical antibiotics
  • pupil dilation
  • eye patch to prevent rubbing eye
  • refrain from wearing contacts
  • sun glasses and avoid bright light
22
Q

Corneal Abrasion RTP

A
  • usually resolves in 24-72 hours
  • may be prescribed patch, antibiotics, or NSAIDs
23
Q

Corneal Laceration

A
  • caused by direct blunt or sharp trauma from foreign body projections
  • laceration allows the interocular fluid and tissues to leak causing a high risk of infection
24
Q

Corneal Laceration S&S

A
  • pain
  • decreased vision
  • hyphema
  • subconjunctival hemorrhage
  • prolapsed iris
  • visual deformity
25
Q

Corneal Laceration Treatment

A
  • immediate referral
  • do not touch eye
  • keep eye closed
  • surgical repair
  • IV antibiotics
26
Q

Foreign Bodies

A

Object imbedded or adhering to the cornea or conjunctiva

27
Q

Foreign Bodies S&S

A
  • foreign body sensation
  • scratching
  • tearing
  • reactive conjunctivitis
28
Q

Foreign Bodies Treatment

A
  • gently pull eyelid down/up
  • have patient look up/down
  • use wet cotton tip applicator to lift object out
  • rinse eye with saline
29
Q

Periorbital Contusion

A

“black eye”
Caused by direct trauma to preorbital structures

30
Q

Periorbital Contusion S&S

A
  • dark purple, blue, or black skin around the eye
  • swelling
  • apperance may worsen over first 48 hrs
31
Q

Periorbital Contusion Treatment

A
  • refer if visual impairments or increased pressure
  • ice
  • NSAIDs
32
Q

Orbital Fracture

A

Fracture to one of the 7 orbital bones (most common in inferior or medial borders)

33
Q

Orbital Fracture S&S

A
  • pain w/ eye movement
  • restricted eye movement
  • eye drooping
  • diplopia
  • numbness and tingling
  • ecchymosis
34
Q

Orbital Fracture Treatment

A
  • refer
  • surgical repair if needed
35
Q

Orbital Fracture RTP

A
  • may return after 3-4 weeks
  • must wear eye protection for 4-6 months
36
Q

Retinal Tears & Detachments

A

caused by blunt force trauma, illness, genetics

37
Q

Retinal Tears & Detachments S&S

A
  • photopsia (brief flashes of light)
  • falling curtain or shadow in the field of vision
  • blind spots
  • floaters
38
Q

Retinal Tears & Detachments Treatment

A
  • refer
  • mydriatic (dilation) drops
  • topical steroid drops for inflammation
39
Q

Racoon Eyes

A
  • indicated skull fracture
  • black eyes
  • typically won’t show up for hours after the injury

Gen Med (15 decks)

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