Mouth and Throat Pathologies Flashcards
Pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx (viral or bacterial)
Pharyngitis S&S
- sore throat
- pain with swallowing
- hoarseness
- redness
- enlarged lymph nodes
- body chills
- fever
Pharyngitis Treatment
- hydration
- salt water gargle
- NSAIDs
- Antibiotics
Halitosis
Bad Breath due to:
- poor dental hygiene
- infection
- strong odor foods
- decay of foods leading to bacteria
Halitosis S&S
bad breath
Halitosis Treatment
- brush teeth
- stop smoking
- drink water
- food log
Tonsilitis
inflammation of the tonsils (closely associated with pharyngitis & caused by same bacteria/virus)
Tonsilitis S&S
- sore throat
- pain with swallowing
- swollen tonsils
- white exudate
- hoarseness
- fever
- enlarged lymph nodes
- body chills
Tonsilitis Treatment
- hydration
- salt water gargle
- NSAIDs
- antibiotics
- tonsillectomy if chronically recurrent
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx “voice box”
Laryngitis S&S
- hoarseness / weak voice
- clears throat frequently
- tickling throat
- pain with swallowing
Laryngitis Treatment
- rest voice
- air humidifier
- NSAIDs
Gingivitis
Infection/Inflammation of the gums & is a mild form of periodontal disease
Gingivitis S&S
- red/swollen gums
- pain with brushing teeth
- gums bleed when brushing
- tooth sensitivity
- tooth loosening
Gingivitis Treatment
- increase oral hygiene
- antibiotics
Tooth Fracture
Uncomplicated: fracture of enamel or dentin
Complicated: fracture extending into pulp cavity leading to exposure of nerve
Tooth Fracture S&S
Uncomplicated:
- pain-free
Complicated:
- bleeding
- pain
- sensitivity
Tooth Fracture Treatment
Refer to dentist
Uncomplicated: smooth and rebuild
complicated: root canal and crown
Tooth Fracture RTP
Dentist clearance
Fractured/Dislocated Mandible
Direct trauma (typically affects TMJ)
Fractured/Dislocated Mandible S&S
- pain
- inability to move jaw
- misaligned bite
- jaw may protrude forward
- ecchymosis
- numbness
Fractured/Dislocated Mandible Treatment
- Call 911 if breathing is compromised
- refer for reduction & wire jaw shut
Fractured/Dislocated Mandible RTP
- no participation in contact sports
- may participate in non-contact sports w/ physician permission
TMJ Dysfunction
- Direct trauma
- arthritis
- teeth clenching or grinding
TMJ Dysfunction S&S
- pain/tender jaw
- aching pain in and around ear
- difficulty and discomfort chewing
- locking of joint
- misaligned bite
- clicking in eat w/ jaw movement
TMJ Dysfunction Treatment
- NSAIDs
- Night guard
- avoid chewing gum/chewy foods
Dislocated Tooth
Dislocation of entire tooth including the root
Dislocated Tooth S&S
- bleeding
- pain
- absence of tooth
Dislocated Tooth Treatment
- find tooth
- rinse or place in saline/milk
- place tooth back into patients mouth
- refer to dentist ASAP
