Vascuar Structure And Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the Tunica Intima.

A

Single endothelial layer lining blood vessels

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2
Q

Describe the Tunica Media

A
  • Layers of vascular smooth muscle which modify diameter
  • Contain Elastic fibers high in Elastin with outer covering of microfibrils composed of glycoproteins
  • Contain some collagen to resist stretching and lit expansion
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3
Q

Describe the tunica adventitia

A
  • This outer layer of CT which maintains integrity and shape
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4
Q

How is Mean arterial pressure calculated?

A

MAP = (CO x SVR) + CVP

SVR = Systemic vascular resistance

CVP = Central Venous pressure

CO = Cardia output

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5
Q

How is Pulse pressure calculated?

A

PP = SBP - DBP

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6
Q

How is the change in pulse pressure calculated?

A

Delta P = Delta V / C

C = Compliance

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7
Q

What is the principle force of capillary filtration?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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8
Q

What s the reflection coefficient?

A

Measures the relative stop of passing of substance through capillaries

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9
Q

What is the Gibs-Donnan effect?

A

movement of charged particles that fail to distribute evenly on each side of membrane. Explains activity of albumn as its negative charge at normal blood pH and the attraction + retention of cations, principally Na+, in vascular compartment.

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10
Q

What are Starling Forces?

A

The forces which determine the movement of fluid in/out of the capillary

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11
Q

At the Arterial End, what are the Starling forces?

A

Outward:

  • Vessel Hydrostatic fluid pressure
  • Interstitial Oncotic Pressure

Inward:

  • Intersitial hydrostatic pressure
  • Vessel oncotic pressure
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12
Q

What are the vessels involved in coronary circulation?

A
  • Right/left Coronary arteries: Blood supply to myocardium
  • Arteriosinusoidal channels: Penetrate chamber wall; lose structure and become irregular; anastomose with other sinuses/channels, etc
  • Arterioluminal vessels - Open Directly into atria/ventricles
  • Thebesian vessels: connect capillary beds directly with cardiac chambers
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13
Q

What is supplied by the Left coronary artery?

What is the structure of the artery?

A
  • Left ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Divides into left anterior descending (widow maker) + Circumflex branches
  • Left ANT/DESC supplies 2/3 interventrcular septum, anterolateral papillary muscles, and anterior surface of left ventricle
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14
Q

What is the structure of the right coronary artery, and what does it supply?

A

Supplies right ventricle + atrium, SA node

Divides into Posterior descending branch and right marginal artery

  • POS DES supplies AV Node, POS 1/3 interventricular septum, post 1/3 wall of ventricles and posteriomedial pappilary muscles
  • Righ marginal supplies right ventricle
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15
Q

What are the primary factors which affect coronary blood flow?

A
  • Physical factor: Aortic pressure, adjustment to resistance
  • Baroreceptors reflex
  • Extravascular compression: Squeezing of myocardium
  • Coronary perfusion: Difference in aortic diastolic pressure + Left ventricular end diastolic pressure
  • Vessel Tone
  • Flow Pattern
  • Hypotension, occlusion, and stenosis
  • Tachycardia and bradycardia
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16
Q

What are compounds which change coronary vascular resistance?

A

H2O2 —> Increase in Cardiac work; Hyper polarization fo muscle membrane, relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

NO + Adenosine —> Dilatse arterioles and adjusts O2 supply to demand

Adenosine (low Conc) —> Activates endothelial K/ATP channels an enhances NO release; reduces vasodilator substances

17
Q

What is the crystal dividens?

A
  • In fetus, Streams of blood which maintain characteristic IVC divided into two unequal streams by edge of the interatrial septum