Vascuar Structure And Function Flashcards
Describe the Tunica Intima.
Single endothelial layer lining blood vessels
Describe the Tunica Media
- Layers of vascular smooth muscle which modify diameter
- Contain Elastic fibers high in Elastin with outer covering of microfibrils composed of glycoproteins
- Contain some collagen to resist stretching and lit expansion
Describe the tunica adventitia
- This outer layer of CT which maintains integrity and shape
How is Mean arterial pressure calculated?
MAP = (CO x SVR) + CVP
SVR = Systemic vascular resistance
CVP = Central Venous pressure
CO = Cardia output
How is Pulse pressure calculated?
PP = SBP - DBP
How is the change in pulse pressure calculated?
Delta P = Delta V / C
C = Compliance
What is the principle force of capillary filtration?
Hydrostatic pressure
What s the reflection coefficient?
Measures the relative stop of passing of substance through capillaries
What is the Gibs-Donnan effect?
movement of charged particles that fail to distribute evenly on each side of membrane. Explains activity of albumn as its negative charge at normal blood pH and the attraction + retention of cations, principally Na+, in vascular compartment.
What are Starling Forces?
The forces which determine the movement of fluid in/out of the capillary
At the Arterial End, what are the Starling forces?
Outward:
- Vessel Hydrostatic fluid pressure
- Interstitial Oncotic Pressure
Inward:
- Intersitial hydrostatic pressure
- Vessel oncotic pressure
What are the vessels involved in coronary circulation?
- Right/left Coronary arteries: Blood supply to myocardium
- Arteriosinusoidal channels: Penetrate chamber wall; lose structure and become irregular; anastomose with other sinuses/channels, etc
- Arterioluminal vessels - Open Directly into atria/ventricles
- Thebesian vessels: connect capillary beds directly with cardiac chambers
What is supplied by the Left coronary artery?
What is the structure of the artery?
- Left ventricle
- Left atrium
- Divides into left anterior descending (widow maker) + Circumflex branches
- Left ANT/DESC supplies 2/3 interventrcular septum, anterolateral papillary muscles, and anterior surface of left ventricle
What is the structure of the right coronary artery, and what does it supply?
Supplies right ventricle + atrium, SA node
Divides into Posterior descending branch and right marginal artery
- POS DES supplies AV Node, POS 1/3 interventricular septum, post 1/3 wall of ventricles and posteriomedial pappilary muscles
- Righ marginal supplies right ventricle
What are the primary factors which affect coronary blood flow?
- Physical factor: Aortic pressure, adjustment to resistance
- Baroreceptors reflex
- Extravascular compression: Squeezing of myocardium
- Coronary perfusion: Difference in aortic diastolic pressure + Left ventricular end diastolic pressure
- Vessel Tone
- Flow Pattern
- Hypotension, occlusion, and stenosis
- Tachycardia and bradycardia