Small Intestine And Pancreas Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the major chemical secreted in the SI and what controls it? What pathology is associated with this mechanism?

A

Cl-; Regulated by cAMP

Vibrio Cholerae stimulates Cl- secretion via ADP ribosylation of Gs resulting in diarrhea

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2
Q

How does Water Permeability in the colon differ then in the SI?

A

Much lower in the Colon

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3
Q

What are the types of diarrhea?

A

Osmotic: Excessive solutes in lumen interfering with absorption usually due to anzyme deficiency

Secretory: Caused by toxins or chemical leading to secretion of Fluid usually from bacteria

Inflammatory: Destruction of mucosa

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4
Q

Differentiate SGLT 1 and SGLT 2.

A

SGLT1: Uptake of dietary glucose from gut

SGLT2: Glucose transport in renal tubule

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5
Q

Compare Transport of Fructose to glucose/Galactose:

A

Fructose:

  • Independent of Na+
  • Facilitated Diffusion
  • Into enterocytes by GLUT5 and out of enterocytes by GLUT2

Glucose/Galactose
- Na dependent 2nd transport

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6
Q

What is Acarbose?

A
  • Competitive inhibitor of sucrase, Maltase, and amylase this impairing carb digestion/absorption
  • Used for glucose control in diabetes
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7
Q

Describe Hartnup disease

A
  • Congenital defect inn mechanism for transport of neutral AAs in intestine and renal tubule
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8
Q

What is a defect in transport of basic amino acids?

A

Cystinuria

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9
Q

What Vitamin is dependent of Michelle production?

A

Vitamin D

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10
Q

Differentiate the exocrine components of the pancreas.

A

Aqueous component: Contains HCO3-; Neutralization of stomach acid; Secreted by duct cells

Enzymatic component: Absorption of molecules; Secreted by Acinar Cells

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11
Q

Activation of Pancratic enzymes

A
  • Trypsinogen cleaved by enteropeptidase in SI

- Trypsin activates Other zymogens

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12
Q

Describe the pathology of cystic fibrosis in the GI tract

A
  • Thick secretion —> Obstuct glands —> Pancreatic insufficiency
  • Deficiency in Lipase
  • Fatty diarrhea, Oily foul smelling poo, etc
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13
Q

How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?

A
  • Small amounts of pancreatic enzymes normally leak into circulation
  • In acute pancreatitis, circulating levels rise substantially
  • Plasma amylase/lipase are used to diagnose
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