Cardiovascular Overview/Output and distribution Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the arterioles our system is maximum resistance?

A

Arterioles

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2
Q

Where does the blood change from being pulsatilla to steady flow?

A

Arterioles

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3
Q

How does a patient with Graves’ disease manifest symptoms in the fingernail beds?

A
  • Hyperthyroidism —> INC basal metabolic rate —> Arteriolar vasodilation
  • Diminished damping results in pulsatilla flow in capillaries which is observed in fingernail beds of patients
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4
Q

What are locations of pacemakers?

A

Normal - SA node

Others: AV Node, Purkinje fibers

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5
Q

What causes bradycardia in a patient with an injured AV Node?

A
  • If AV node is injured, the ability to conduct is affected

- Purkinje fibers take over and have a slower intrinsic beat

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6
Q

How do conductions differ between prukinje vs AV node?

A

Fastest conduction is in the Purkinje fibers, awhile the AV has the slowest

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7
Q

How is Cardiac output calculated?

A

HR X SV

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8
Q

How is stroke volume calculated?

A

SV = EDV - ESV

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9
Q

How is ejection fraction calculated?

A

EF = SV/EDV

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10
Q

How do denervated baroreceptors affect heart response?

A

Cardiac output and HR responses are small compared to those with normally innervated baroreceptors

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11
Q

How does total cardiac denervation affect output?

A

During Exercise, increases in cardiac output are as much as normal individuals

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12
Q

What is the Fick Principle?

A
  • Amount O2 delivered to capillaries plus amount O2 which enters capillaries from organ must equal amount O 2
    carried away veins.
  • estimates organ oxygen consumption of organs
  • consumption equals blood flow multiplied by the AV O2 difference
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13
Q

In Ficks principle, what are the constants?

A

Q1 - Rate of O2 delivery

Q2 - Net rate of O2 uptake

Q3 - Rate at which Venular O2 is carried away

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14
Q

How is the blood divided through the circulatory system?

A

64% - veins
14% - Arterial system
6% - Capillaries

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15
Q

How is left ventricular work calculated?

A

Product of stroke volume and mean aortic pressure.

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16
Q

What are the factors which regulate cardiac output?

A
  • HR
  • Myocardial contractibility
  • Preload/Afterload
17
Q

What are healthy levels of heat ATP?

A

Constant level of 5 micromoles/g

18
Q

How is ATP use broken down in the heart?

A

2/3 pumping

1/3 ion pumps and housekeeping