Peripheral Vascular Controls Flashcards

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1
Q

Differentiate the sympathetic nerve receptors and functions for vasculature.

A

Alpha-adrenergic: Vasoconstrictors

B2-adrenergic: Vasodilators on coronary vessels

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2
Q

How do the coronary arteries adjust response to Ach?

A

If healthy, causes vasodilation

If damaged endothelium, caused Vasoconstriction

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3
Q

How does ADH affect the CV System?

A
  • response to increase osmolality or decrease in BP
  • Increase renal fluid retention
  • can cause Vasoconstriction in hemorrhage.
  • Activates IP3 pathway
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4
Q

Describe the hormonal control of CV system by angiotensin II.

A
  • Released because of Renal artery pressure drop or sympathetic NS signals release
  • Activates IP3 pathway
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5
Q

Describe the hormonal control of CV system via ANP.

A
  • Releases secondary to stretch from hypertension

- Receptor is guanylyl cyclones which activates pkG and releases smooth muscles cells

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6
Q

Describe the Baroreceptor reflex.

A
  • reductions in Pa and
    pulse pressure during hemorrhage decrease stimulation of the baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch
  • responses include reduction of vagal tone
    and enhancement of sympathetic tone, increased
    heart rate, and enhanced myocardial contractility.
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7
Q

Compare Carotid vs aortic Baroresponse.

A

Loss of carotid baroreceptor response greatly decreased mean aortic pressure (34%) as compared to aortic response (12%).

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8
Q

What is gain?

A

Ratio of the secondary change evoked by a given mechanism to initiating change itself

Greater than 1: Vicious cycle
Less than 1: Not vicious

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9
Q

How does Cardiac failure affect blood chemistry and pH? How does this affect the heart?

A
  • Decreased O2 —> Lactid Acid build up
  • Inadequate excretion of H+ by kidneys
  • Generalized metabolic acidosis —> Reduced tissue perfusion and further aggregates acidosis
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