Cell Regulation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the types of membrane receptors?

A
  • GPCR
  • Tyrosine Kinase
  • JAK Kinase
  • Ser/Thr Kinase
  • Guanylate cyclase
  • Ion Gated
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2
Q

What is characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus?

A
  • Deficiency in ADH action
  • Neurogenic: No functional ADH
  • Nephrogenic: No functional ADH response due to mutation in V2-R or AQ2
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3
Q

What type of receptor is the V2 receptor (ADH)?

A

GPCR

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4
Q

What are the components of the GPCR?

A
  • alpha
  • beta
  • gamma
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5
Q

What action happens after stimulation of the alpha subunit by an external stimuli?

A
  • alpha(s) subunit stimulates adenyl cyclase to increase cAMP

Or

  • alpha (i) inhibits adenylyl cyclase and therefore decreases cAMP
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6
Q

How does the pertussis toxin affect intracellular signaling pathways?

A

B. pertussis secretes pertussis toxin,
which ADP ribosylates the αi subunit which inactivates αi, and reduces the inhibition of
adenylyl cyclase

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7
Q

What affect does activation of alpha (q) subunit have?

A
  • Activates PLC, which cleaves PIP2 to become IP3 and DAG
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8
Q

Which factor is stimulated by the V2 receptor pathway to enter the nucleus and stimulate gene activation resulting in an increase in AQ2 insertion?

A

CREBP

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9
Q

What second messenger system is activated by the V2 vasopressin receptor?

1. G alpha-s stimulation of adenylate
cyclase 
2. G alpha-i inhibition of adenylate
cyclase 
3. Tyrosine kinase 
4. Guanylate cyclase 
5. Gq stimulation of phospholipase C
A
  1. G alpha-s stimulation of adenylate

cyclase

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10
Q

What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?

  1. G protein associated receptor
  2. Tyrosine kinase
  3. Receptor associated with a JAK tyrosine kinase
  4. Guanylate cyclase
  5. Ion channel
A
  1. Tyrosine kinase
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11
Q

What mutation occurs to CFTR in CF patients?

A

508del of Phe

  • Transporter does not reach plasma membrane due to defect leading to symptoms
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12
Q

What is the pathway of Insulin from DNA to exocytosis?

A

Regulated Insulin Secretion Pathway
DNA → transcription → hnRNA processing and exon splicing → mRNA → ribosome → docking to the RER → Protein synthesis and processing at RER → Transport to Golgi → Processing, sorting and packaging into
vesicles by Golgi → Vesicles transported
along microtubules (kinesins & dyneins) → Cytoplasmic Ca++ increases → Exocytosis

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13
Q

What are the two calcium-activated receptors?

A
  • IP3R

- Ryanodine

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14
Q

What are common 2nd messengers of GCPRs?

A
  • cAMP
  • cGMP
  • IP3
  • DG/DAG
  • Ca++
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15
Q

Describe the affect of Epinephrine on secondary messengers.

A

EP binds GCPR alpha-2 receptors, which contain a alpha-i subunit which bind adenylyl cyclase and inhibit cAMP.

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16
Q

How does ADH affect smooth muscle contraction?

A
  • ADH binds V1 receptors (GCPR) -> Gq -> PLC -> IP3 + DAG
  • IP3 -> ER Ca++ release
  • DAG + Ca++ -> PKC -> Protein phosphorylation -> Smooth muscle contraction
17
Q

What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?

  1. G protein associated receptor
  2. Tyrosine kinase
  3. Receptor associated with a JAK tyrosine kinase
  4. Guanylate cyclase
  5. Ion channel
A

Tyrosine kinase

18
Q

Differentiate Constitutive and regulated secretion.

A

Constitutive secretion – transport and
secretion of substances immediately
following regulated synthesis

Regulated secretion – substances to be
secreted are stored in granules or
vesicles prior to release

19
Q

What stimulates regulatory exocytosis?

A
  • Entry of Ca++ into the cytosol f/ exterior

- interaction of proteins such as SNARE complexes

20
Q

What cell functions are regulated by calcium?

A
  • Regulatory proteins (calmodulin, troponin)
  • Enzymes (NO synthase)
  • Membrane depolarization
  • Secretion