The Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the isovolumic contraction?

A

Between the start of ventricular systole + opening of the semilunar valve when ventricular Pressure rises abruptly

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2
Q

Which wave represents atrial systole?

A

P Wave

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3
Q

What represents the R phase?

A

Isovolumic contraction

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4
Q

What is congestive heart failure?

A

Volume overload as walls are stretched maximally.

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5
Q

What is the key sign of congestive heart failure?

A

3rd heart beat - “Galloping heart”

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6
Q

What marks the onset of ventricular ejection?

A

Opening of the semilunar valves

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7
Q

What are the different wave forms?

A

A wave: atrial contraction

C wave: Abrupt closure of tricuspid caused by common carotid artery

V Wave: Atrial filling

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8
Q

What produces the second heart sound?

A

Incisure - closing of aortic valve

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9
Q

What affect do catecholamines have on the heart?

A
  • INC myocardial contractility
  • INC SV
  • INC EF
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10
Q

What is the effect of digitalis on the heart?

A

INC myocardial contractility

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11
Q

How does increased ventricular contractility change stroke volume?

A

Increases stroke volume

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12
Q

How does cardiac ischemia affect stroke volume?

A

Reduces Stroke volume

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13
Q

Hoe do calcium channel blockers affect stroke volume?

A

Reduce stroke volume

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14
Q

Describe the relationship between myocardial wall stress and myocardial afterload.

A
  • Wall Stress = Pressure X radius / Wall thickness

- Afterload = Pressure at which the heart has to pump out of ventricle against Aorta

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15
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve heard?

A

5th intercostal space left of sternum

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16
Q

Where is mitral valve heard?

A

5th intercostal space at cardiac apex.

17
Q

Where is the pulmonic valve heard?

A

2nd thoracic interspace just left of sternum

18
Q

Where is aortic valve heard?

A

2nd thoracic interspace just right of sternum