Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Physiology > Sensory Receptors And Signal Transduction > Flashcards

Sensory Receptors And Signal Transduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the five types of receptors?

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors
  2. Their More captors
  3. Nociceptors
  4. Electromagnetic receptors
  5. Chemoreceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is transduction?

A

Converesion of one form of energy to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is receptor adaptation?

A

Characteristic of all sensory receptors where they change due to constant stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is characteristic of Tonic Adapting receptors?

A
  • Slow adapting
  • Signal intensity of prolonged stimulus
  • Continue to transmit impulses as long as stimulus is present
  • Muscle spindles, Pressure receptors, slow pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is characteristic of Phasic receptors?

A
  • Rapidly adapting
  • Decrease AP frequency over time from constant stimulus
  • Olfactory receptors, Pacinian corpuscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the common locations of referred pain and affected organs?

A

Lower Abdomen —> Large Bowel/Bladder

Umbilicus —> Small bowel/Pancreas

Upper abdomen —> Stomach/duodenum

Behind sternum —> Esophagus/trachea

Tip of shoulder —> Diaphragm

Chest, left arm, neck, abdomen —> Heart

Back of head/neck —> Meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the visceral receptors?

A

Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors
Mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Compare Visceral and somatic pain

A

Somatic: Initially sharp, later burning or throbbing

Visceral: Poorly localized, dull, aching, nauseating with pronounced autonomic activation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the effect of lesions of the primary somatosensory cortex?

A
  • Afects quality of pain sensations

- Ability to localize exact spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of sensory fibers and their functions?

A

Aa - Proprioception;somatic motor

Ab - Touch,pressure

Ay - Motor to spindle

As - Pain, temperature

B - Preganglionic autonomic

C, DR - Pain, Temperature

C, SymNS - Postganglionic sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the nerve fiber numbers? Type?

A

1a - Muscle spindle, annuli-spiral ending (Aa)

1b - Golgi tendon orgain (Aa)

II - Muscle spindle; pressure (Ab)

III - Pain and cold receptors; some touchreceptors (As)

IV - Pain, temperature, and other - C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compare fiber type diameter, conduction, and location.

A

Aa: Large, Fast, extrafusal

Ay: Medium. Medium speed, Intrafusal

B: small; medium; preganglionic autonomic controls cardiac and smooth muscle, glands

C: Smallest, slowest: Postganglionic autonomic control cardiac/smooth muscle and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Rapid back/forth movements of the eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Difficulty producing coherent speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is dysdidochokinesia?

A

Inability to coordinate rapidly alternating movements such as pronation/supination of wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is dysmetria?

A

Inability to judge distance

17
Q

What are common sensory problems associated with thalamic ischemia?

A

Thalamic syndrome - hypersensitivity to stimuli

Thalamic corticol stroke - Sensory deficits on contralateral side

18
Q

Compare anterior and posterior hypothalamus and regulation of temperature.

A

Posterior hypothalamus - Heat producing reflexes

Anterior hypothalamus - Core body temperature and deep tissue temperature; Heat reducing reflex (sweating/vasodilation)

19
Q

Where ate 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th order neurons located?

A

1st: Receptor —> Spinal cord
2nd: Spinal cord—> Thalamus
3rd: Thalamus -> Cerebral cortex
4th: Cortex -> Other part of cortex

20
Q

What are the two somatosensory pathways? Where do they deccusate?

A

DCS-MEdial leminiscal: Fine touch, pressure, proprioception

Decussate in brainstem

Anterolateral system (Spinothalamic): Pain, temperature, crude touch

Decussate in spine

21
Q

Which side is sensation loss for lesions Below/Above medulla of the DCML system?

A

Below - Ipsilateral

Above - Contralateral

22
Q

Which side is sensation loss for lesions Below/Above medulla of the ALS system?

A

Contralateral side of body below point of lesion

23
Q

What is Tabes Dorsalis?

A
  • Late-stage manifestation of Syphilis where dorsal root neuron ganglia are destroyed; degeneration of myelinated afferent fibers in dorsal columns
24
Q

What are the effects of cobalamin?

A
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Often secondary to Pernicious anemia
  • Demyelination and atonal degeneration Of DCS leadings to numbness, parasthesias, weakness, and ataxia
25
Q

What is the pathophysiology of shingles?

A
  • Chicken pox virus lies dormant inside dorsal root ganglion neurons
  • Virus damages and leaves sensory nerve terminals damaging the dermatome
26
Q

What symptom is common for individuals with Herpes Zoster?

A

Thoracic rash affecting two adjacent dermatomes

27
Q

What is the primary purpose of Merkel’s disks?

A

Detect light touch and superficial pressure

28
Q

What is the primary purpose of Meisner corpuscles?

A

Two point discrimination

29
Q

What is the primary purpose of ruffinis end organs?

A

Detects continuous touch and pressure

30
Q

What is the primary purpose of pacinian corpuscle?

A

Deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception

31
Q

What is sciatica, and what is the common cause?

A
  • Backpain which radiates down leg

- Spinal disk herniation which impinges upon spinal nerve affecting a dermatome

32
Q

Describe Brown-Square syndrome

A
  • Loss of pain and temp on one side of body and proprioception, vibration, and touch on the Contralateral side.
  • Lesion which involve half of spinal cord
33
Q

Which side do somatosensory cortex lesions affect?

A

Contralateral

34
Q

What are the homonculus?

A

Maps of different parts of the brain connected to different parts of the body

Motor - Maps which parts of motor cortex control certain body parts

Sensory - Map sensory locations in somatosensory cortex

35
Q

How do opioid receptors function?

A

Inhibitory metabotropic receptors which decrease cAMP concentrations

36
Q

What are the different types of opioid receptors?

A

Mu1 - Spinal And Supraspinatus analgesia

Mu2 - Respiratory depression, euphoria, dec gut mobility

Delta - Spinal analgesia

Kappa - Spinal analgesia, supra-spinal analgesia

Medical Physiology (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions