Variations in Sexual Behaviour Flashcards
Why do women fake orgasm?
28% of men,** 67% of women**
Most commonly during PVI (pinal and vaginal intercourse)
Reasons:
* Orgasm was unlikely
- Wanted sex to end
- Wanted to avoid negative consequences
- Wanted to obtain positive consequences
25% of women reporrted fake orgasm 90% of the time
Common Sexual Fantasies
- 97% of Americans reported having sexual fantasies
- 89% Group sex
- 60%/65% Sadomasochism
- Novelty, adventure, and variety
- Less than 1/3 have acted out their biggest fantasy
Internet searches: among 20 most popular sexual
searches, 7 “atypical”
youth, incest, domination, submission, bestiality, transsexual, and “grannies”
most serched for terms of 2023(in pornhub)
- milf
- hental
- lesbian
more women views
29%
When is sexual behaviour
abnormal?
- Statistical definition: Frequency of occurrence
- Sociological approach: Deviance
- Legal approach: Breaks laws
- Psychological approach: Causes distress or impairment (dsm)
- Medical approach: Paraphilias (dsm)
the continous from normal to abnormal behviour in the case of fetish
mild preference>strong preference>necessity(abnormal) > substitue for human partner
Interest/preference ≠ behaviour
Atypical Sexual Interests:Joyal & Carpentier, 2016
people have interes for certain experience much more then they actually experice
DSM-5-TR Paraphilic Disorders
“A paraphilic disorder is a paraphilia that is currently causing distress or
impairment to the individual or a
paraphilia whose satisfaction has
entailed personal harm, or risk of
harm to others.”
Paraphilia
refers to sexual activities other than “vanilla sex”: sexual intercourse (and oral sex, stroking, etc.) with an adult who consents to the activity.
what is considered a paraphilic disorder?
- “any intense and persistent sexual interest other
than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners” - urges, fantasies, behaviours
- distress, impairment, or harm required for diagnosis
- and experience impairment in work, family, or the social functioning of their daily lives
» distress can’t be result of society’s disapproval
what types of paraphilic disorders exists?
- Anamalous Activities
- Algolagnic Disorders
- Anomalous Target Preferences
- other specified paraphilic disorders
- unspecified paraphilic disorder
Anomalous Activities
different sexual encounters
ex:
* Voyeuristic Disorder
* Exhibitionistic Disorder
* Frotteuristic Disorder
Algolagnic Disorders
pain and suffering
ex:
* Sexual Masochism Disorder
* Sexual Sadism Disorder
Anomalous Target
Preference
problemetic target
ex:
* Pedophilic Disorder
* Fetishistic Disorder
* Transvestic Disorder
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Anomalous Activities
fantasy or behaviour
exposing one’s genitals to an
unsuspecting person
2-4% in men
less then 2% in women
Voyeuristic Disorder
Anomalous Activities
- observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity
- risk → charge
- must be over the age of 18 to be diagnosed (kids explore)
- 9% men
- 2% women
A person who derives
erotic pleasure from watching their partner or a willing participant (e.g., on the Internet)undress or who is aroused by exhibiting their body in new lingerie or a sexy pose to their
partner is not engaging in criminal or paraphilic behaviour.
Frotteuristic Disorder(Frotteurism)
Anomalous Activities
touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person
30% of men has engage with this behaviour(ex: men rubbing themselves at a women in a night club)
4% of men actually have this disorder
less then 4% of women
Sexual Sadism Disorder
psychological or physical suffering of the victim is sexually exciting to the
person
- needs to cause distress or done to a unconsenting person to be diagnose with this
- unkown how many people have it
- but around 2% men and less for women
- is higher in epople that have commited repes and murders
Sexual Masochism Disorder
being humiliated, beaten, bound or otherwise made to suffer is sexually exciting to the person
- it has to cause harm to the person to be diagnosed
- 2% in man
- 1% in women
BDSM
1. bondage and discipline
* physical and psychological restraint
2. dominance and submission
* behaviours, customs, and rituals relating to the giving and
accepting of dominance
3. sadomasochism
* pain, degradation, and humiliation
* hypermasculinity(using toys), administering and receiving pain, physical restriction, and humiliation
3-11% man were diagnosed sadists
2-6% masochists
a lot of man like to be submissive because allows them to get away from the strict gender roles in our society
BDSM
- top and bottom (or master and slave, dominant and submissive) - most people prefer to be sub
- consensual
-Safe, Sane, and Consensual
-Risk-Aware Consensual Kink (RACK)
-Personal Responsibility Informed Consensual Kink (PRICK) - pre-play negotiations
- bottom sets limits
- safe word(s)
- knowledge of physical limits/potential injury
BDSM Myths
- submissives want/like to be victims (i.e., abuse)
- submissives have no control - in reality they set the rules
- scenarios have to increase in severity
- can lead to serious injury and psychological trauma
- BDSM always involves sex (or intercourse)
participants:
* have psychological problems
* can’t have normal intimate relationships
* like pain in general
* are all sex abuse survivors
* are all weirdos
BDSM Theories: why do people like it?
-
learning theory:
-classical theory - learn event in the past where getting hurt and arousal aperearef together
- endorphins
- it releses endorphines,reduces pain
* escape from the self
-take responsibilities away
- giving oneself over for another’s pleasure
Pedophilic Disorder
Anomalous Target Preference
A. Over a period of 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a
prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 or younger).
B. The individual has acted on these urges, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty.
C. The individual is at least age 16 years and at least 5 years older than the child or children in Criterion A
prevelence: 3% in man - unknown in women
Pedophilic Disorder
- increased attention in popular culture and media
- stigmatization
- interaction between CJS and mental health
- challenge for therapist: empathy
- emergence of online support groups
s
Diagnostic Issues
- urges and fantasies versus behaviour
(ethicly) - child molesters are not always pedophiles and vice versa
- pedophilic sexual interest versus PD
Transvestic Disorder
- intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing
- different from: transgender, drag queens/kings(is for sexual purpose)
- prevelence: less then 3% of man
- reported feeling sexually aroused by using womens cloths
transvestic disorder can be accompined with:
Autogynephilia
a male’s paraphilic tendency to be sexually aroused bythe thought/image of himself as a female
subtypes
transvestic – wearing women’s clothing
behavioural – typically feminine behaviours (e.g., knitting)
physiologic – pregnancy, menstruation, breast feeding
anatomic – having a women’s body
Fetishistic Disorder
- nonliving objects or non-genital body parts
- stands alone as sexually stimulating
need to have the object to feel arousal (is not a preference)
ex:footwear,leather,foot
unknow how many people have it
what causes people to develop fetishs?
-
Learning theory: fetishes result from classical conditioning, in which a learned association is built between the fetish object and sexual
arousal and orgasm. - Cognitive theory people with fetishes feel driven to the sexual behaviour when aroused, but the arousal may actually be caused by feelings of guilt and self-loathing
fetishism typically develops early in life
Autonepiophilia (Paraphilic Infantilism)
- impersonating or being treated as an infant
- infantilism
Sthenolagnia
- muscles and displays of strength
Feederism
- feeding partner, often to obesity, or incapacitation
- power, care-taker role
Balloon Fetish
popping, blowing up, sitting on
hypersexuality
refers to an excessive, insatiable sex drive—not just to a high level of sexual desire or of sexual activity
it leads to colpusive sexual behaviour
Researchers reviewed referrals and consultation requests for
“hypersexualty
-
paraphilic hypersexuality, extremely high frequencies of
behaviours such as pornography consumption, or very frequent solicitation of paid partners, - avoidant masturbation, men who spend a great deal of time viewing pornography and several hours per day masturbating
- chronic adultery, persons who chronically cheat on spouses, but have few paraphilic interests and do not
-
sexual guilt, men and
women whose sexual activity is within the normal range but they feel extremely guilty about it. - was the designated patient, someone referred by their romantic partner;
The
most common paraphernalias
compulsive masturbation (67 percent of the
sample), protracted promiscuity (56 percent), and dependence on pornography (41
percent). The most common paraphilias were exhibitionism (35 percent of those with a
paraphilia), voyeurism (27 percent), and pedophilia (25 percent).
Hypersexuality:
Nymphomania(for women)/Satyriasis (for men)
is when a person has an extraordinarily high level of sexual activity and sex drive;
the person is apparently insatiable, and at the extreme, sexuality overshadows all other concerns and interests.
Courtship Theory
– distortions (exaggerations) in courtship behaviour during adolescence become ingrained.when next phase is desired but not executed (kinda like fixation)
1.** looking for a potential partner** – initial phase of courtship(ex: voyarism)
- pretactile interaction – talking or flirting with a potential partner(exbhism)
- tactile interaction – usually consists of touching, hugging, hand holding, etc. (this could also be considered foreplay)- (froterism)
- affecting genital union – more commonly known as sexual intercourse (suxaual sault?
Learning Theory
– classical conditioning
* pairing of non-sexual stimuli with sexual arousal
Biological Theory
– brain organization
Lovemap Theory
- genetic disposition + learning thoery
- during childhood, develop template for sexual relationships and are trigered by arousal
- disruptions → paraphilias
Treatment: Therapy
- Psychoeducation, Acceptance, and Integration
- Couples Therapy (if partnered)
-
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
* anxiety reduction, reduced rumination, reduced intrusive thoughts
- challenge cognitive distortions, e.g.,
catastrophizing, black and white thinking - behaviour management (if risk)
Treatment: Behavioural Treatments
- aversion therapy – pairing of unpleasant stimuli with problematic stimuli
- social skills training – learn to better interact with appropriate target(ex:voyarism/exebhism)
- orgasmic reconditioning – pairing of sexual arousal with appropriate target
*
Tratments:AA-Type 12-Step Programs
like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
Twelve-step programs for alcohol or drugaddiction demand that the addict abstain from contact with the substance. Similarly, 12-step programs for sexual addicts adopt a definition of “sexual sobriety.” They cannot adopt an
abstinence model, however, because sexual expression is a basic human need. Thus, they
attempt to differentiate addictive sexual behaviour from healthy sexual behaviour
Treatment : Pharmaceuticals
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
» e.g., fluoxotine, sertraline
» reduce anxiety, intrusive thoughts, compulsions, increase positive affect
» dampen sex drive
anti-androgens (i.e., chemical castration)
hormonal treatment
» reduces sex drive
» cyproterone acetate (CPA)
» medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)
- very extreme (use like for pedephiiles)
What Works then?
hormonal treatment programs found that, overall, such programs reduced sexual recidivism
A review of all types of treatment programs concluded
that **only CBT-based **(cognitive0behavuiral-therapy) programs are consistently shown to be effective
The programs have the largest effect with rapists, exhibitionists, and the
smallest significant effect with intrafamily child sex offenders
Sexual Compulsions
(Coleman et al., 2001)
Intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges and associated behavior that are intrusive and driven and repetitive
A sexual compulsion can be paraphilic (i.e., involve the sexual behaviours listed in the DSM5) or nonparaphilic (involve conventional sexual behaviours, such as compulsive
masturbation or compulsive use of the Internet for sexual purposes)
what we see in these individual:
- Lack impulse control
- Often incur social and legal sanctions
- Cause interference in interpersonal and occupational functioning
- Create health risks
5% of the population sufer this and 70% this are man
Carne’s 4-step cycle: triggered by negative affect
how compulsive behaviour occurs:
-preoccupation:The person can think of nothing other than the sexual act to which they are addicted
-rituals:The person enacts certain rituals that have become a prelude to the addictive act
-compulsive sexual behaviour: The sexual behaviour is enacted and the person feels that they have no control over it.
-despair:Rather than feeling good after the sexual act is completed, the addict falls into a feeling of hopelessness and despair
there is often a history of alcoholism or other types of addictions in the families of people with compulsive sexual behaviour.
online sexual activities (OSA)
Non-arousal OSA: Examples include looking for sex information online; looking for advice online about sexual relationships; joining an online dating service; and joining an online
kink community.
**Solitary-arousal OSA: **Examples include viewing sexually explicit pictures or videos; watching others engaged in sex on a webcam; and posting a video of yourself engaging in
sex.
Partnered-arousal OSA: Examples include having your avatar engage in sexual activity with
another avatar; participating in an online sexual chat for sexual arousal; using an electronic sex toy that is controlled through the Internet by someone else and engaging in sexual acts by yourself that someone on IM was telling you to do for a webcam. These activities are often called cybersex
Asphyxiophilia
is the desire to induce in oneself a state of oxygen deficiency to create sexual arousal or to enhance sexual excitement and orgasm
chocking
Zoophilia
sexual contact with an animal; this behaviour is also called bestiality
other variatios:
- Saliromania is a variation found mainly in men; there is a desire to damage or soil a woman
-
Coprophilia and urophilia are both variations having to do with excretion. In coprophilia, the
feces are important to sexual satisfaction. In urophilia, it is the urine that is important - Necrophilia is sexual contact with a dead person. Like most sexual variations, it can range from mild to severe
- Sexsomnia, or sleep sex, refers to automatic, unintentional sexual behaviours during sleep
