Gender, Sexual Orientation, & Identity

Question 1

gender and sex

Answer 1

gender - identity is innate and is in ur brain

sex; what u were born in it

Question 2

more defenitions

Answer 2

demi -sexual—that is a person whose attraction is based on an emotional bond not on gender

pansexual—that is, sexually or romantically attracted to persons regardless of
their gender.

Question 3

trans man/trans women

Answer 3

trans women: born male changed to women

trans men: born female changed to male

Question 4

transsexual

Answer 4

a somewhat antiquted term to refer to folks under trangerdered umbrella who have undergone medical transition,which might include hormones and/or surgery

Question 5

cisgender

Answer 5

gender matches to sex / gender identity matches to gender assigned at birth

Question 6

gender non-conforming

Answer 6

anyone who dosnt adhere to the gender binary

ex; prince,david bowie

Question 7

sex assigned at birth

Answer 7

when refer trans people born a boy/born a gir

Question 8

intersex

Answer 8

anyone whose assigned sex at birth doesnt lign up with male or female characteristics

ex:more testoreno or estrogen

Question 9

non-binary

Answer 9

do not identify as ,en or women

Question 10

Gender dysphoria

Answer 10

a medical term for the disconfort that comes with discordence between a pearson gender identity and assigned at birth

some people do medical procedures to relive it

Question 11

Definitions

Answer 11

Gender binary: the classification of people into one of two categories (man/boy or woman/girl)

 Gender role: socially prescribed expectations about behaviour for men and women

 Many societies have more than two genders
-E.g. Fa’afafine, two-spirited

 Socialization: the ways that society conveys how people are supposed to behave

 Stereotype: rigid set of beliefs about a group

 Sexism: pattern of prejudice and discrimination

Question 12

Are Perceived Differences
Real?

Answer 12

 Nonsexual behaviour
 Aggression = Men > Women
 Communication styles: Self-disclosure =
Women > Men

Question 13

Definitions

Answer 13

• Sexual orientation: whom you are emotionally, romantically, and sexually attracted to
• Sexual identity: one’s self-identity as gay, lesbian, straight, bisexual, asexual, pansexual….

Question 14

3 ways of conceptualizing sexuality

Answer 14

1. typology
   -hetoresexual vs homosexual

2.kinsey’s continuum
-ex: 0(exclusive heterosexual———6(exclusive homesexual)

3.two-dimension schema (high/low

Question 15

kinsey’s scale

Answer 15

• idea that sexual behaviour is not categories but a spectrum
• it test secual behaviour only not sexual attraction

Question 16

Same-Sex Sexual Partner
NSFG (2006)

ever

Answer 16

men: 5.2%

women: 12%

Question 17

Same-Sex Attraction

Answer 17

Only or mostly same gender M 1.9% w1.4%

Equally to bothM 0.5% W 2.8%

Mostly other gender M 3.7% W 11.9%
Only other gender M 93.9% W 83.9%

Question 18

Sexual Identity

Answer 18

• heterosexual : M 96.9% W 98.3%
• bisexual : M 0.7 % W 0.9%
• Homosexual/gay/lesbian: M 1.4% W 0.8%

Question 19

2/3 of yong people say they are exclusive heterosexual

Question 20

Sexual Identity

Answer 20

• does sexual identity change or is it fixed ?
• sexual minority women
• cross sectuonal
• for 7 years

70% no change
11% unlable to lesbian
6% lesbian to unlable
4% lesbian to bi
4% bi to lesbian
5% lesbian//bi/unlable to hetero

Research in Quebec with MSM: 10% G  B or BG

so yes sexual identity does change

Question 21

What Determines Sexual Orientation

Answer 21

• Genetics
  -compering identical twins and friternal twins:
  -identical twin when one is gay, 50% the other will also be gay
• friternal whin when one is gay, 22% the other will also be gay

-genetics seems to be the best thoery at the moment

• Prenatal factors
  -different expose to hormones during prenatal development
• idea that during the development of the hypathalamus the fetus is in the critical stage of sexual orientation (stress in the mother during this period)
• birth order affect; gay men are born later in birth order.(with older brothers not older sisters) antibodies- NLGN4Y
• Brain differences( no diferences, it may but probably not)
  What they do show is that both heterosexual men and lesbians are turned on (in their brains) by women’s pheromones, and that gay men
  and heterosexual women are turned on by male pheromones
• Hormonal factors(no evidence for this)

Question 22

What Determines
Sexual Orientation?

Answer 22

*Learning history : that early individual history impacts their later sexual orientation, or modeling thory ( not a lot of support)

*Interactionist theory (D. Bem, 1995):
-agression and activity level, men have more of these and women have lower.

-some man have low and some women have high.

-so he theorized that if u are in one group u are interested in the other one (the exotic becomes erotic),

• a boy with low agretion and actiivity level woul hangout with girls and so man would be more intersting

*Conclusion: –Not conclusive what the cause is

Question 23

reiss

Answer 23

argued that male-dominant societies with a great rigidity of gender roles produce the highest prevalence of homosexuality.

In such societies, there is a rigid male role that must be learned and conformed to, but young boys have little opportunity to learn it from adult men precisely because the gender roles are rigid:

Women take care of children, and men have
little contact with them.

It is therefore difficult to learn the heterosexual component of the male role.

In addition, because the male role is rigid, there will be a certain number of males who dislike it and reject its heterosexual component.

Question 24

Negative Attitudes Towards
Sexual Minorities

Answer 24

Homonegativity/homophobia/heterosexism

• Anti-gay prejudice
• Discrimination/harassment
  – Canadian LGB high school students (Taylor et al., 2011):
  LGB verbally harassed: 55%;
  LGB physically harassed: 21%;
  heard homophobic insults every day (LGB & straight): 48%
• More likely than heterosexual peers to experience: physical & sexual victimization, verbal harassment, discrimination

Question 25

Conversion or Reparative Therapy

Answer 25

• Does not work
• Leads to guilt and self-hate

Question 26

Legal Issues

Answer 26

1969 Omnibus bill - anul sex become legal

• Human Rights Codes
• Charter of Rights and Freedoms
• Same-sex marriage
  – Legalized federally in 2005
  – Stats. Can (2006) 37,885 same-sex common law couples; 7,465 same-sex married couples

Question 27

LG attitudes

Answer 27

Heterosexism is the belief that being heterosexual is ‘‘normal” and that heterosexuality is the only legitimate, acceptable, and healthy way for
people to be; gay people and behaviours are denigrated

heteronormativity, the belief that heterosexuality is the norm.

more candian support gay rights then americans,women do more then man,younger people more then older people

Question 28

bixesual attitudes

Answer 28

Ontario have found that people have negative attitudes towards entering a committed relationship with a bisexual partner

The bisexual women and men spent about equal amounts of time looking at the male
and the female models, in contrast to heterosexuals whose looking times were quite skewed toward models of the other sex

Question 29

Attitudes toward Asexuals

Answer 29

view asexual people more negatively than they view gays and lesbians

However, we should not assume that because an individual is asexual that they are also aromantic.

Question 30

LGB Development

Answer 30

In one study of sexual minority youth, lesbians experienced their first same-gender attraction,

on average, at age 14, compared with age 11 for gay men;

lesbians had their first same-gender experience on average at age 18, compared with 16 for gay men;

lesbians claimed a sexual-minority identity on average at age 17, compared with age 15for gay men

There is, of course, plenty of variability around those averages.

Question 31

coming out

Answer 31

which involves acknowledging to oneself, and then to others, that one is gay or lesbian

Question 32

They note several positive
aspects of relationships that seem to be more common in same-sex couples than in mixedsex couples:

Answer 32

• Respecting and appreciating individual differences:
• Generating positive emotions and interactions:
• Effectively communicating and negotiating:.
• Egalitarian ideals: Same-sex couples place an emphasis on equality in their relationships and note that they are freed from traditional gender roles and the male domination found in many mixed-sex relationships

Question 33

Lesbian and Gay Families

Answer 33

• the adjustment and mental
  health of children in lesbian and gay families are no different from those of children in
  heterosexual families
• Finally, the overwhelming numbers of children growing up in lesbian or gay households have a heterosexual orientation

Question 34

medical model

Answer 34

in which mental disturbance, and homosexuality in particular, is viewed as a sickness or
illness.(before this homosexuality was seen as a sin)

Question 35

this is not true…

Answer 35

Beyond that, scientists agree that higher rates of depression and suicide among LGBs do notmean that homosexuality per se indicates mental illness.

Instead, the results are interpreted in the context of Meyer’s (2003) minority stress model, which holds that stigma, prejudice,
and discrimination create a stressful social environment that causes mental health problems

Question 36

minority stress model

Answer 36

(1) the exposure of LGBs to maltreatment, discrimination, and violence

(2) the lack of support or downright rejection by family and friends that some LGBs experience

(3) the stress of concealing their true identity

Question 37

differences between gay men and lesbians

Answer 37

• women are more likely to be biasexual
• women show more flexibility over time overt their sexual identity
• men are more specifc about their arousal while women are not(aroused by both man and women?)
• man meets earlier milestones then lesbians
• women had sex rwice a week but it was lonegr
• same sexual satisfaction
• lesbians are not affected by birth order
  *

Question 38

LGB communities across culture

Answer 38

• many LGB in minority cultures in canada suffere prejudice from their own community culture
• in mexico man that recive the anal sex are consider feminen while the one that gives are considere streight and masculine
• in latin america lesbian can be seen as attractive (sexually), but the lack of family (father,mother,son) makes them outsiders

Among Asian communities in Canada, two features of the culture shape attitudes toward
homosexuality and its expression:

(1) a strong distinction between what may be expressed publicly and what should be kept private

(2) a stronger value placed on loyalty to one’s
family and on the performance of family roles than on the expression of one’s own desires

As a result, a relatively small proportion of LGB members of the Asian communities in Canada are “out” in their
community

Question 39

across the world

Answer 39

• cultures that were accepting of GLB became more, but the ones that dont aceept became less accepting

most :iceland,netherland,canada
least:saudi arabia,egypt,uganda