Sexuality in Childhood & Adolescence Flashcards
age 10
first ”crush” or attraction
Age 12-14
first kiss
Age 15-16
genital fondling
Age 16-19
first intercourse
Data Sources
- Retrospective surveys with adults(recall when they were an adolescent) - memory is not always accurate
- Kinsey interviews: interview teens
- Talking computer interviews:adolescents take this test and they are also more likely to talk more/be more honest about their experiences
-
Surveys with adolescents
– Canadian Youth, Sexual Health, and HIV/AIDS Study
– Bibby (2001, 2009)
Factors Influencing
Psychosexual Development
*Parental socialization
-Expectations
-Reactions
-Communication
-
Social learning (modelling)
-media(movies,pornography) -
Sexual experiences
-Developmentally appropriate
-Abusive -
Cultural factors
-dating
-same sex acceptance
Infancy and Preschool
Years (0-4 years)
-
Sexual responses:
-infants can get erections, vaginal lumbrification -
Attachment:
-later affects when they become older and how they have sexual encouters -
Self-stimulation
-infants explore their bodies
-orgasm is possible
-they wont ejaculate
-(2-5) boys touch their genitals a litle bit more then girls - Child-child encounters
- 4-5 they become less self-center
- show genitels to others
-
Knowledge
-see parent having sex
-lebel their gender - gender is independent from sex or genitile
2.5 - 3 they know their own gender
-3-4 are interested in sexually
-5 understands marriage and gender role
-5-6 connects sex with gender
Sexuality during Childhood
(5-11 years)
-
Adrenarche(importants) : maturation of the adrenal glans,hormon producing
-they start producing estrogen by age 8-10
-sex hormon action
-at this time they also have their first crush -
Masturbation
-By age 12 :
-boys usually masturbate before and more frequently too
-boys through development tend to masturbate to orgasm while girls not as much
-girs usually find out about masturbation through accidental self-discovery
-boys through their peers talking about it -
Mixed-sex sexual play
-learn about intercorse - 80% 6-12 have done sexual activity like kissing,touching genitals
- Same-sex sex play
Sexuality Education During
Childhood
– Healthy body image
– Respect for others
– Understand the concept of privacy
– Make age-appropriate decisions
– Comfortable asking questions about sexuality
– Prepared for the changes of puberty
Be “Askable”-parents should talk to children about sexuality, before they bring it up to them
Sexualization of Children
Sexualization occurs when:
– A person’s value comes from sexual appeal or behaviour
– A person is held to a standard in which physical attraction = being sexy
– A person is sexually objectified
– Sexuality is inappropriately imposed on another person
Sexualization of Children
Boys: TV, games, movies that promote muscularity,
physical power, and that sex for men involves aggressive
domination of beautiful women for the pleasure of men
Girls: sexual objectification,
weight and appearance
– Beauty pageants etc.
Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years)
-
Key features:
-Interest
+Biological factors(increse of testosterone)
+Social factors (awarness of sex in society) -
Masturbation
-Increase after puberty
-Sharp increase for boys
-Gradual increase for girls - Attitudes toward masturbation
-victorian era as bad
-today is normal even good
Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years): Same-sex sexual behaviour
- Attraction: CYSHHAS (2003) sexual attraction grades 9-11
- 5% girls attracted to girls or both
- 2-6% of boys attracted to boys or both
-increase now - Experience Bancroft et al. (2003)
-Relationship to sexual identity 14-21 - Attitudes
-overall better attitudes then in the past
Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years):Mixed-sex sexual behaviour
-
Attitudes
-Have become more accepting -
Behaviour
-havent change to much since the 80s
-but age of first intercourse did come down (before 18 now 16-19)
-fewer people who are having sex early - as teens get older more they participate in sexual behaviour
Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years): Motives for engaging in intercourse
- Love and affection (expressed by more girls)
- Curiosity and experimentation (expressed by more boys)
- Increased intimacy
- Sexual pleasure
- Increased social status
Motives for NOT engaging in intercourse
- Not feeling ready
- Not having the right opportunity
- Not having met the right person
- Wanting to be a virgin at marriage
Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years): First intercourse
Reissing et al. (2011):
- 60% with serious partner
- Most rated as positive
Tsuit & Nicolades (2004):
* ½ emotional satisfaction
* 40% rated as good or excellent
Predictors of satisfaction at first intercourse:
- Intentional (not spontaneous)
- People less committed to gender roles
- More positive body image
“Losing Virginity”
Carpenter (2002, 2005)reaction to virginity
:
– Gift: virginity as a gift
– Stigma: is shameful to be a virgin(goes up as u age)
– Process: a step to growing up
gift and process view point plan more
process is more realistic for their first time
Too Early Sex
15 or younger
Associated Risks:
* Less likely to use a condom
* More likely to have sex with more than one partner
* Higher risk of teen pregnancy
* Higher risk of STIs
Predictors of too early sex:
- Living in single-parent home
- Having more depressive symptoms
- Displaying antisocial behaviour
- Less self-disclosure to parents
- More parent-child conflict
- Having more other-sex friends
- Having friends who use alcohol and drugs
- Lower academic achievement
Adolescent romantic relationships: pros
- Learn skills and scripts needed to maintain a long- term relationship
- Explore identity
- Develop future goals
- Learn communication and conflict resolution skills
- Learn how to enhance intimacy, sexuality
Adolescent romantic relationships:Cons
- Some are low-quality relationships characterized by high conflict, controlling behaviour, etc
- Emotional experience can include anxiety, jealousy, depression
- Cyberstalking and stalking behaviours
- Harassment for LGBTQ+ youth
- Extradyadic sexual activity:cheating which is very common in a tennage relationship
Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years)
: Health concerns
Adolescent pregnancy rates
* 2.8% of teen girls in 2010, 2.5% in 2019
- Lower than U.S., higher than Europe
Highest rates of STI’s are among adolescents
* Inconsistent condom & contraceptive use
how to solve these health concerns
factors that Increase the likelihood of adolescent condom use:
- Motivation:positive attitudes
- Skill: practice
Preventing teen pregnancy:
* Access to information about effective contraception,access to these methods
- Greater societal acceptance of sexual activity among young people
OSA/Sexting/Social Media
Sexting
* Sexual messages or images via cellphones
- 39% of teens have sexted
- 15-20% teens posted/sent nude or semi-nude pictures
- 30% received nude or semi-nude pictures
Criminal Code of Canada
-nude photos of a minor is considered child pornography
-intamit photo rule: if the intimate photo was taken with of the people involved was consetious and kept private it is not child pornography even if they are under 18
-making illegal to circulate naked photos of another person at any age
Sexuality Among LGBTQ+
Adolescents
- Begin to process social implications of sexual orientation/identity
- Behaviours vs. identity/orientation(they might mask their sexuality)
- Bullying
Sexuality During
Emerging Adulthood
- Ages 19-24 = emerging adulthood/late adolescence
- Masturbation = 98% of men, 80% of women masturbate(incresed by a lot)
- Intercourse = 85% by age 24
– Most in the context of romantic relationships, not marriage
Hookups
Any sexual behaviour in a seemingly uncommitted context
Between 60-80% of YA college students have had some sort of hookup experience
Gateway to a romantic relationship
- sexual cohasion happend in hook ups
- equal orgasm is not seen as much
- a lot hook ups happened context of alcohool
-most people said if not for the alcohool they wouldnt have done it
other casual sex
Friends with benefits (FWB) refers to a situation in which two people who are friends (not
romantic partners) occasionally have sex with each other.
A fuck buddy refers to a partner with whom one regularly engages in sexual activity but not
other types of activity and is not a friend. Thus, there is ongoing interaction over time but
not the support and companionship associated with a friendship with benefits just sex
booty call, which refers to a communication to a person who is
not a relationship partner but is an acquaintance, conveying an urgent request for sexual
activity, perhaps including intercourse
Casual sex can be associated with negative mental health outcomes
Late Adolescence (19 to 22
Years)
- higher masturbation rates
- oral sex is very common (women dosnt recive as much )
