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PSYC 350 > Sexuality in Childhood & Adolescence > Flashcards

Sexuality in Childhood & Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

age 10

A

first ”crush” or attraction

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2
Q

Age 12-14

A

first kiss

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3
Q

Age 15-16

A

genital fondling

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4
Q

Age 16-19

A

first intercourse

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5
Q

Data Sources

A
  • Retrospective surveys with adults(recall when they were an adolescent) - memory is not always accurate
  • Kinsey interviews: interview teens
  • Talking computer interviews:adolescents take this test and they are also more likely to talk more/be more honest about their experiences
  • Surveys with adolescents
    – Canadian Youth, Sexual Health, and HIV/AIDS Study
    – Bibby (2001, 2009)
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6
Q

Factors Influencing
Psychosexual Development

A

*Parental socialization
-Expectations
-Reactions
-Communication

  • Social learning (modelling)
    -media(movies,pornography)
  • Sexual experiences
    -Developmentally appropriate
    -Abusive
  • Cultural factors
    -dating
    -same sex acceptance
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7
Q

Infancy and Preschool
Years (0-4 years)

A
  • Sexual responses:
    -infants can get erections, vaginal lumbrification
  • Attachment:
    -later affects when they become older and how they have sexual encouters
  • Self-stimulation
    -infants explore their bodies
    -orgasm is possible
    -they wont ejaculate
    -(2-5) boys touch their genitals a litle bit more then girls
  • Child-child encounters
  • 4-5 they become less self-center
  • show genitels to others
  • Knowledge
    -see parent having sex
    -lebel their gender - gender is independent from sex or genitile
    2.5 - 3 they know their own gender
    -3-4 are interested in sexually
    -5 understands marriage and gender role
    -5-6 connects sex with gender
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8
Q

Sexuality during Childhood
(5-11 years)

A
  • Adrenarche(importants) : maturation of the adrenal glans,hormon producing
    -they start producing estrogen by age 8-10
    -sex hormon action
    -at this time they also have their first crush
  • Masturbation
    -By age 12 :
    -boys usually masturbate before and more frequently too
    -boys through development tend to masturbate to orgasm while girls not as much
    -girs usually find out about masturbation through accidental self-discovery
    -boys through their peers talking about it
  • Mixed-sex sexual play
    -learn about intercorse
  • 80% 6-12 have done sexual activity like kissing,touching genitals
  • Same-sex sex play
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9
Q

Sexuality Education During
Childhood

A

– Healthy body image

– Respect for others

– Understand the concept of privacy

– Make age-appropriate decisions

– Comfortable asking questions about sexuality

– Prepared for the changes of puberty

Be “Askable”-parents should talk to children about sexuality, before they bring it up to them

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10
Q

Sexualization of Children

A

Sexualization occurs when:

– A person’s value comes from sexual appeal or behaviour

– A person is held to a standard in which physical attraction = being sexy

– A person is sexually objectified

– Sexuality is inappropriately imposed on another person

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11
Q

Sexualization of Children

A

Boys: TV, games, movies that promote muscularity,
physical power, and that sex for men involves aggressive
domination of beautiful women for the pleasure of men

Girls: sexual objectification,
weight and appearance
– Beauty pageants etc.

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12
Q

Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years)

A
  • Key features:
    -Interest
    +Biological factors(increse of testosterone)
    +Social factors (awarness of sex in society)
  • Masturbation
    -Increase after puberty
    -Sharp increase for boys
    -Gradual increase for girls
  • Attitudes toward masturbation
    -victorian era as bad
    -today is normal even good
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13
Q

Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years): Same-sex sexual behaviour

A
  • Attraction: CYSHHAS (2003) sexual attraction grades 9-11
  • 5% girls attracted to girls or both
  • 2-6% of boys attracted to boys or both
    -increase now
  • Experience Bancroft et al. (2003)
    -Relationship to sexual identity 14-21
  • Attitudes
    -overall better attitudes then in the past
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14
Q

Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years):Mixed-sex sexual behaviour

A
  • Attitudes
    -Have become more accepting
  • Behaviour
    -havent change to much since the 80s
    -but age of first intercourse did come down (before 18 now 16-19)
    -fewer people who are having sex early
  • as teens get older more they participate in sexual behaviour
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15
Q

Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years): Motives for engaging in intercourse

A
  • Love and affection (expressed by more girls)
  • Curiosity and experimentation (expressed by more boys)
  • Increased intimacy
  • Sexual pleasure
  • Increased social status
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16
Q

Motives for NOT engaging in intercourse

A
  • Not feeling ready
  • Not having the right opportunity
  • Not having met the right person
  • Wanting to be a virgin at marriage
17
Q

Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years): First intercourse

A

Reissing et al. (2011):

  • 60% with serious partner
  • Most rated as positive

Tsuit & Nicolades (2004):
* ½ emotional satisfaction
* 40% rated as good or excellent

18
Q

Predictors of satisfaction at first intercourse:

A
  • Intentional (not spontaneous)
  • People less committed to gender roles
  • More positive body image
19
Q

“Losing Virginity”

A

Carpenter (2002, 2005)reaction to virginity
:
– Gift: virginity as a gift

– Stigma: is shameful to be a virgin(goes up as u age)

– Process: a step to growing up

gift and process view point plan more

process is more realistic for their first time

20
Q

Too Early Sex

A

15 or younger

Associated Risks:
* Less likely to use a condom
* More likely to have sex with more than one partner
* Higher risk of teen pregnancy
* Higher risk of STIs

21
Q

Predictors of too early sex:

A
  • Living in single-parent home
  • Having more depressive symptoms
  • Displaying antisocial behaviour
  • Less self-disclosure to parents
  • More parent-child conflict
  • Having more other-sex friends
  • Having friends who use alcohol and drugs
  • Lower academic achievement
22
Q

Adolescent romantic relationships: pros

A
  • Learn skills and scripts needed to maintain a long- term relationship
  • Explore identity
  • Develop future goals
  • Learn communication and conflict resolution skills
  • Learn how to enhance intimacy, sexuality
23
Q

Adolescent romantic relationships:Cons

A
  • Some are low-quality relationships characterized by high conflict, controlling behaviour, etc
  • Emotional experience can include anxiety, jealousy, depression
  • Cyberstalking and stalking behaviours
  • Harassment for LGBTQ+ youth
  • Extradyadic sexual activity:cheating which is very common in a tennage relationship
24
Q

Sexuality During Adolescence
(12-18 years)
: Health concerns

A

Adolescent pregnancy rates
* 2.8% of teen girls in 2010, 2.5% in 2019

  • Lower than U.S., higher than Europe

Highest rates of STI’s are among adolescents
* Inconsistent condom & contraceptive use

25
Q

how to solve these health concerns

A

factors that Increase the likelihood of adolescent condom use:

  • Motivation:positive attitudes
  • Skill: practice

Preventing teen pregnancy:
* Access to information about effective contraception,access to these methods

  • Greater societal acceptance of sexual activity among young people
26
Q

OSA/Sexting/Social Media

A

Sexting
* Sexual messages or images via cellphones

  • 39% of teens have sexted
  • 15-20% teens posted/sent nude or semi-nude pictures
  • 30% received nude or semi-nude pictures

Criminal Code of Canada
-nude photos of a minor is considered child pornography

-intamit photo rule: if the intimate photo was taken with of the people involved was consetious and kept private it is not child pornography even if they are under 18

-making illegal to circulate naked photos of another person at any age

27
Q

Sexuality Among LGBTQ+
Adolescents

A
  • Begin to process social implications of sexual orientation/identity
  • Behaviours vs. identity/orientation(they might mask their sexuality)
  • Bullying
28
Q

Sexuality During
Emerging Adulthood

A
  • Ages 19-24 = emerging adulthood/late adolescence
  • Masturbation = 98% of men, 80% of women masturbate(incresed by a lot)
  • Intercourse = 85% by age 24
    – Most in the context of romantic relationships, not marriage
29
Q

Hookups

A

Any sexual behaviour in a seemingly uncommitted context

 Between 60-80% of YA college students have had some sort of hookup experience

 Gateway to a romantic relationship

  • sexual cohasion happend in hook ups
  • equal orgasm is not seen as much
  • a lot hook ups happened context of alcohool
    -most people said if not for the alcohool they wouldnt have done it
30
Q

other casual sex

A

Friends with benefits (FWB) refers to a situation in which two people who are friends (not
romantic partners) occasionally have sex with each other.

A fuck buddy refers to a partner with whom one regularly engages in sexual activity but not
other types of activity and is not a friend. Thus, there is ongoing interaction over time but
not the support and companionship associated with a friendship with benefits just sex

booty call, which refers to a communication to a person who is
not a relationship partner but is an acquaintance, conveying an urgent request for sexual
activity, perhaps including intercourse

Casual sex can be associated with negative mental health outcomes

31
Q

Late Adolescence (19 to 22
Years)

A
  • higher masturbation rates
  • oral sex is very common (women dosnt recive as much )

PSYC 350 (13 decks)

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