Sexuality in Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

, sexual behaviour

A

s behaviour that produces or that is intended to produce arousal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Historical Perspective

A
  • Close link between religious & historical perspectives
  • Now religion, science, courts, & media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Historical Methods to study sexuallity

A
  • Examining documents, art, artefacts (ancient or modern)
  • information at that time was based on Biases
  • and we ourselves bring our own biases
    -Class bias
    -Sexist bias
    -Education bias
  • ** Ethnocentrism:** the belife that their groups belifes are the norm and compering everthing else to that
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A Brief History

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prehistoric

A

worship of women’s ability to bear children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ancient Hebrews

A

procreation and pleasure, polygamy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ancient Greece

A

homosexuality, bisexuality, pederasty(older man would take an adolecent boy in a relationship),
prostitution (courtesans and concubines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ancient Rome

A

sexual behaviour between man okay,between woman not okay,orgies (Caligula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The East

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muslims

A

sex within marriage, no premarital sex,
polygamy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Taoists

A

sexuality and spirituality (yin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hindus

A

sex as virtuous and natural, celebrated within
marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Early Christians (400 AD)

A

sex for procreation only; non-
procreative sex as sin; virginity (St. Augustine’s
Confessions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Middle Ages (500-1500 AD)

A

wet dreams, sexual
dysfunction, lust blamed on witchcraft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protestant Reformation (1517-1648)

A

some sex not only for
procreation, but to enhance the marital relationship
(extramarital/premarital sex still punished)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Victorian Era (1837-1901)

A

extreme sexual repression,
marital duty for procreation and men’s pleasure
* Dr. Clelia Mosher:-study women sexuality,and discovered that women enjoyed sex and orgasms

17
Q

The Sexual Revolution (1965-1970s)

A

social upheaval
in science, music, art, fashion

the pill was intrudeced

gay activism

18
Q

Today:Sexuality and Media

A

Netflix/TV programs:
* average of 17 instances of sexual talk/behaviour per hour

Media has 3 types of influence:

  • cultivation: belife that what people see in the media represents real life
  • agenda-setting: algorithem choose what to report and what to ignore send a massage what is important and what is not important
  • social learning what see in the media serves as model for us to emitate
19
Q

Conclusions

A
  • All societies regulate sex
  • Different societies have accepted different behaviour,
    attitudes
  • Great differences across religions and within religions
20
Q

History of Sex Research

A
  • Began in 19th Century
  • Names to know: Freud, Havelock Ellis, Krafft- Ebing, Hirshfeld, Kinsey, Masters & Johnson
  • Currently many sex researchers, professional societies, sexuality journals
21
Q

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

victorian era

A
  • psychodynamic theory:

how early experiences and uncouseous motivation interacts to determines someones personality and behaviour

he also created the concept of libido - as psychlogical motivation

also psychosexual development

22
Q

Havelock Ellis (1859-1939)

victorian era

A
  • British physician
  • Studies in the Psychology of Sex
  • first to write about homosexuality in a compassionate way
  • also wrote about trangenderism, which he called sexo-aesthetic inversion and later, eonism
  • attributed it to over-identification with the admired object (i.e., women)
23
Q

Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902)

A
  • German psychiatrist and sexologist
  • pathlogical sexuality
  • Psychopathia Sexualis (1886)
  • non-procreative sex was a perversion
24
Q

4 categories of “sexual perversions”:

A

paradoxia: sexual response at the wrong time in life

**anesthesia: **insufficient sexual desire

**hyperesthesia: **excessive sexual desire

**paraesthesia: **sexual desire for the wrong goal or object

25
Q

Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935)

A
  • ** Founder of the first sex research institute**
  • Administered the first large-scale sex survey
  • Established the first journal devoted to the scientific study of sexuality
26
Q

Alfred Kinsey (1894-1956)

A
  • first major published large sex survey

the survey had within them :

-prevalence of homosexuality

-extramarital sex

-multiple orgasm

27
Q

William Masters (1915-2001)
and Virginia Johnson (1925-2013)

A
  • first to look at physiological sexual response in men and
    women
  • study :intercourse, masturbation in the lab
  • by hooking people in machines and observing them having sexs
  • 4-phase model of sexual response
28
Q

4-phase model of sexual response

A

4-phase model of sexual response
* Excitement phase
* Plateau phase
* Orgasm
* Resolution phase

some contraversis

29
Q

Cross-Cultural
Perspectives

A
30
Q

Anthropological/Cross Cultural
Perspective

A

 Culture: the traditional ideas and values passed down from
generation to generation within a group and transmitted to
members of the group by symbols

 Method: participant observation

 Biases in method:
-Hawthorne effect (observer effect): individuals modify their behaviour when aware of being observed

-Ethnocentrism

31
Q

Variations Across Cultures

A
  • Sexual frequency
  • Sexual techniques(ex:kissing involved)
  • Masturbation
  • Premarital sex
  • Extramarital sex
  • Sex with same-sex partners
  • Standards of attractiveness
32
Q

Conclusions from Cross-Cultural
Studies

A
  • Enormous variation in sexual attitudes and behaviour
    across cultures
  • Helps put our own standards and behaviour inperspective
  • Importance of culture and learning - influences over sexuality
33
Q

Canada vs. USA

A

simmilarities: thresomes, nightstands, womens sexual partners

diferences : canadians have more sex outdors, teen americans more likely to get pregnant,women are allowed to walk around topless in canada

34
Q

Variations Within a Culture

A

Different norms for different subgroups
-e.g. norms affected by age, SES, ethnicity, gender

Within subcultures (e.g., immigrant communities) attitudes & behaviour affected by
-Culture of origin
-Acculturation to Canadian culture

35
Q

Variations Within a Culture

A
  • Largest and fastest growing immigrant groups in Canada:
    -South Asian
    -East Asian
  • In general, these cultures tend to uphold more traditional values surrounding:
  • Gender roles
  • Sexual orientation
36
Q

canadians statistics

A

Within Canada
* frequency of sex
average number of
lifetime partners: 12
> 20: 23% of men;
13% of women
17%lifetime sexual
monogamy

37
Q

Within Canada Difference across pronvinces*

A
  • Quebec is the most sexually liberal
  • more likely to have sexual intercourse at a younger age, to
    live as common-laws, and have extramarital sex
    Variations Within a Culture
38
Q

Biological Perspective/Cross Species
Behaviour

A

No behaviour unique to humans

 e.g. masturbation(monkeys,porkpaine), oral sex(monkeys), same-sex sexual behaviour, female orgasm(monkeys)

Less hormonal and biological control as go up evolutionary scale

39
Q
A