Sexual Disorders & Sex Therapy Flashcards
How “Normal” is a Sexual Problem?
Many people experience a sexual problem at some point in their their lives. but usually go away by themselves if they persist and cause distress then it turns into a disorder
e.g. last 6 months: 59% of men 68% of women
almost all university students have shown sexual problems
Sexual Disorders
Sexual problem categories
* Desire
* Excitement
* Orgasm
* Pain
Sexual disorder
* Lifelong(since they start having sex) vs acquired (it started later on)
* Situational vs generalized
Female Disorders
- Female sexual interest/arousal disorder (most common) - 36% but 8 % find distress
- Female orgasmic disorder - 10 - 42%/ 10% never experience orgasm
- Genito-pelvic pain / penetration disorder 8-15%
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
- Female sexual interest/arousal disorder refers to a lack of or significantly reduced sexual interest or arousal that causes significant distress
- In fact, about 39 percent of Canadian women report diminished sexual desire
- Difficulties with arousal and lubrication are common.
- Roughly 10 percent of women up to
age 49 have problems with lack of desire; rates then increase to about 50 percent in women over 65
Female Orgasmic Disorder
- refers to a woman’s recurrent difficulty having an orgasm or reduced orgasm intensity during almost all sexual activity(it must be distressing)
- ex of situational orgsmic disorder:the women can orgasm with masturbation but not when stimulated by a partner
- 20% of women report difficulty with orgasms
- women who can orgasm from hand/mouth stimulation from a partner but not penetration should not be consider for this disorder
what causes ?
- general ill health, or extreme fatigue
- Injury to the spinal cord can cause orgasm problems
- most cases are primarily caused by psychological factors.
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
- refers to any one of four symptoms that typically occur together: difficulty having intercourse/penetration; marked genital and/or pelvic pain during penetration attempts (sometimes termed dyspareunia); fear of pain associated with vaginal penetration; and marked tension or tightening of the pelvic floor muscles during attempts at vaginal penetration
- 15 percent of women report recurrent pain during sexual intercourse.
- dyspareunia is common in girls between the ages of 12 and 19 who are engaging in intercourse; 20 percent of these girls reported experiencing regular pain during intercourse for at least six months
- it has to last at least 6 months to be consider a disorder
what causes?
-
Disorders of the vaginal entrance: Irritated remnants of the hymen; painful scars, perhaps
from an episiotomy or sexual assault; or infection of the Bartholin glands -
Disorders of the vagina: Vaginal infections; allergic reactions to spermicidal creams or the
latex in condoms or diaphragms; a thinning of the vaginal walls, which occurs naturally
with age or chemically induced menopause; or scarring of the roof of the vagina, which can occur after hysterectomy -
Pelvic disorders: Pelvic infection, such as pelvic inflammatory disease; endometriosis;
tumours; cysts; or tearing of the ligaments supporting the uterus - Dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles:Higher pelvic floor muscle tone; lower vaginal flexibility; higher mucosal sensitivity; lower muscle strength
Male disorders
-
Hypoactive sexual desire
disorder- low sex disare (41%) 2% distress -
Erectile disorder!
(most commonly seek therapy)- with higher - Premature (early) ejaculation
- Delayed ejaculation
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder(Man)
- low(Hypo) sexual desire
- is distressing to the individual
-
6 percent of young men, 41 percent 65+ report this problem. less than 2 percent of men
meet the criteria for a diagnosis
This disorder is only diagnosed in men because in women sexual desire and arousal are often linked. Thus, they were combined into a single disorder for women
discrepancy of sexual desire
a couple problem, not a sexual disorder
one partner wants sex considerably less frequently than the other partner does, there is a conflict, even if
neither partner is experiencing a sexual disorder.
Erectile Disorder
- Erectile disorder (ED) is the inability to have an erection or maintain one on almost all or all
occasions. - 10 percent of men under 40 but then increases to about 30 percent for men in their 60s(most common to seek treatment)
- What causes?
- Diseases associated with the heart and the circulatory system are particularly likely to be associated with erectile disorder
- diabetes mellitus
- eating disorder
- Any disease or injury that damages the lower part of the spinal cord may cause erectile
disorder
-stress and fetigue
-anxiety
Premature (Early) Ejaculation
- Premature (early) ejaculation occurs when a man persistently has an orgasm and ejaculates
sooner than desired during sexual activity with a partner and is significantly distressed about
the problem - the real problem is that the man with premature (early) ejaculation has little or no control over when he
orgasms - 15% of man have this difficulty
what causes?
* due to a malfunctioning of the ejaculatory reflexes
* local infection, such as prostatitis
Delayed Ejaculation
- Delayed ejaculation (also sometimes called male orgasmic disorder) is the opposite of rapid
(early) ejaculation. The man is consistently (for a period of at least six months) unable to
orgasm, or orgasm is greatly delayed when engaging in sexual activity with a partner, - 10 percent of men experience this problem
what causes
- multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and prostate surgery
- most common with psychological factors
Alcohol
- short-term pharmacological effects,
- expectancy effects
- long-term effects of chronic alcohol abuse.
people who abuse alcohol, particularly in the later stages of alcoholism, frequently have sexual disorders,
typically including erectile disorder, orgasmic disorder, and loss of desire
Cannabis
- high doses and chronic use may have negative effects on desire, arousal, and orgasm
- In community studies, marijuana use has been
associated with orgasmic disorder and erection problems
