STIs Flashcards
Chlamydia
bacterial
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- The most prevalent bacterial STI in Canada
- Rates have been rising steadily since 1997
Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Canadian community health survey (2013-2014):
- 19% of women, 12% of men
- Highest rates among young adults
- it has been increasing (partially because of better testing,decrese on condom use by man and bisexual man)
- Most common STIs among university students:
chlamydia, HPV, and herpes - 2 Major categories:
- Bacterial(can be cured)
- Viral(cannot be cured)
Chlamydia
Symptoms:
- Penises = 50% asymptomatic, thin, clear discharge, mild discomfort on urination
- Diagnosis = urine sample
- Vaginas = 75% asymptomatic, abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain with urination
- Diagnosis = urine sample or vaginal swab
- Consequences if left untreated: Pelvic inflammatory Disease(for women), Epididymitis (for men) - not as severe
both can result in infertility
-is increasing
Gonorrhea
bacterial
The oldest of the sexual diseases
* Venereal disease
- Caused by gonococcus bacteria
Symptoms:
* Penises = white puslike discharge from urethra
Diagnosis = Urine test
- Vaginas = usually no symptoms
- infacts the cervex,fallopian tube
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
Diagnosis = Urine test & pelvic exam - Treatment:
- Antibiotics
- Consequences: infection can happen in the mouth,eyes,rectum and genitelia. can infect the blader and even blood stream
-is declining
Syphilis
bacterial
- Fairly uncommon now
- 2012 = 2003 new cases in Canada
- 2018 = 6311 new cases in Canada (slightly increasing)
Symptoms:
* Chancre: ulcer like lission resemble a craner thats how it enters the body
-it can be in the genitelia,mouth or rectum or hand
-is painless
-3 weeks after exposed
consequeces if left untreated:
* can impact the nervous system
* lead to death
Syphilis
- 4 stages:
Primary stage
* chancre(it goes away by itself)
Secondary stage
* body rash: dosent hurt (goes away)
Latent syphilis
* it can last years
- no symptom
- the bacteria is going through tissues of the body brain,spinel cord,bones
- not able to pass on anybody anymore (except pregnant women can pass on to the fetus)
- half of the people would stay in this stage their whole lifes the other half would go to the next stage
Late syphilis(serious affects)
* major effects in the cardio vascular system: heart and major blood vessels are attacked by the bacteria
- brain and spinal cord can be attacked which can produce cognitive issues
- 40 years after the initial infaction occurs
Congenital Syphilis:
* present from birth
* can cause miscarrage
* severe illness after birth
* can cause complication that show up 10 to 20 years later
Syphilis
Diagnosis:
* Difficult to diagnose(the chanquer is not always apperant and the rash can appear to be something else)
- Genital or pelvic exam, full body exam, blood tests
Treatment:
* Penicillin shot
HPV: Human papillomavirus
virus
- More than 40 different types that cause genital warts & cancer
- Types 6 and 11 cause genital warts are associated with cancer
- Non-reportable, so no national Canadian data:
physicians dont need to send a report to bc center desease control so is difficult to know the actual rates are
HPV
Symptoms:
* 90% asymptomatic
* Genital warts appearing on the genitals - most go away
Diagnosis:
* Inspection of the warts
Treatment:
* Creams, freezing
even if u dont have warts you still can carry and spread HPV
it can become undetective after 2 years
even if u are treated from one u can still have from other streams
Can you get warts in your mouth from
HPV?
yes u can
it can be transmitted by oral sex or kissing not very common
hpv also relates to cancer in throat and mouth not only in the genitals
HPV and vaccacine
- Gardasil
- Protect against 9 types of HPV
safe from 9 to 25
safe from 9 to 28
Herpes
virus
Herpes simplex virus
- HSV-1 (mouth) and HSV-2 (genitals ) bouth causes blisters - but they can be in either places
- 16% of women, 11% of men
- 47 % HSV1
- Non-reportable, so no national Canadian data
Herpes
Symptoms:
- Small, painful blisters on the genitals (penius or valvas)
- Most contagious and hurtfull during an active outbreak of the blister
- is also contegious not during outbreaks
Treatment:
- No cure
- Drugs like Valtrex can reduce frequency of outbreaks and make
transmission less likely
Psychological Impact of Herpes
Range of responses:
- STI-related stigma - awarness that people that contract sti are judged negatively
- STI-related shame- negatively judgeging themselves from having stis
- Better outcomes for those who have fewer outbreaks
-
Foster & Byers (2016)
-people with more self-estigma and self-blame is associated with poorer outcomes
-most people are able to ajdjust pretty well after getting a diagnose , with a healthy sexual life