Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Fall 24' > Vanders Renal Ch2 > Flashcards

Vanders Renal Ch2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is renal blood flow (RBF)?

A

1 L/min, representing 20% of resting cardiac output

RBF is significant given that the kidneys constitute less than 1% of body mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

Approximately 125 mL/min

GFR is a key indicator of kidney function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What formula relates flow, pressure, and resistance in any vascular bed?

A

Q = ΔP / R

Q is blood flow, ΔP is the pressure difference, and R is resistance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the successive vessels blood flows through after leaving the renal artery?

A

Arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, glomeruli

These vessels are crucial for delivering blood to the kidney’s filtration units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the relative resistances of afferent and efferent arterioles?

A

About equal under most circumstances

Both types of arterioles account for most of the total renal vascular resistance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do changes in afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances affect renal blood flow?

A

They can be additive or offsetting depending on the direction of change

Changes in resistance can significantly impact renal blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three layers of the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Endothelial cells, capillary basement membrane, podocytes

Each layer has unique structures that contribute to filtration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define podocyte.

A

Epithelial cells that surround glomerular capillaries

Podocytes have foot processes that create filtration slits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What determines the filterability of plasma solutes?

A

Molecular size and electrical charge

The structure of the filtration barrier restricts certain solutes based on these factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the filtration fraction?

A

The fraction of renal plasma flow that is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule

It is a measure of kidney function efficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is the net filtration pressure in glomerular capillaries positive?

A

High hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries

This pressure drives fluid out of the capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is autoregulation of renal blood flow?

A

The ability of the kidneys to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in arterial pressure

This mechanism ensures stable kidney function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the significance of the high blood flow through the peritubular network in the cortex?

A

Maintains interstitial environment close to blood plasma composition

This is crucial for the function of renal tubules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the typical blood flow through the vasa recta into the medulla?

A

Approximately 0.1 L/min

Although low compared to cortical blood flow, it is sufficient for medullary function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of hydrostatic pressures in the glomerular and peritubular capillaries?

A

High in glomerular capillaries for filtration, low in peritubular capillaries for reabsorption

This difference is essential for kidney function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does molecular size affect filterability?

A

Molecules < 7000 Daltons are freely filtered; larger molecules are restricted

Plasma albumin is largely excluded due to its size.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of the glomerular filtration barrier is to restrict the passage of _______.

A

plasma proteins

This selectivity is crucial for maintaining protein levels in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False: The glomerular filtrate contains significant amounts of albumin.

A

False

Albumin is largely restricted from passing through the filtration barrier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to filterability as molecular weight increases?

A

Filterability declines as molecular weight increases, especially above 70,000 Da.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which type of macromolecules are filtered to a lesser extent?

A

Negatively charged macromolecules are filtered to a lesser extent than neutral molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the role of electrical charge in the filtration process?

A

Electrical charge enhances filtration restriction; negatively charged molecules are repelled, while positively charged molecules are filtered more easily.

22
Q

What is the significance of the filtration coefficient (Kf)?

A

Kf denotes the product of hydraulic permeability and surface area of the glomerular capillaries.

23
Q

What are the Starling forces involved in glomerular filtration?

A

Starling forces are the algebraic sum of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures across the capillary wall.

24
Q

What is the average net filtration pressure in glomeruli?

A

The average net filtration pressure is about 16 mm Hg.

25
Q

How does an increase in afferent arteriolar resistance affect glomerular pressure?

A

It decreases glomerular pressure.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The filtration fraction is the ratio of _______.

A

GFR/RPF

27
Q

What happens to GFR during exercise?

A

GFR decreases considerably during exercise.

28
Q

True or False: Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s capsule usually has a significant impact on GFR.

A

False.

29
Q

What is the effect of increased arterial oncotic pressure on GFR?

A

Increased arterial oncotic pressure tends to reduce GFR.

30
Q

What is filtered load?

A

The amount of substance filtered per unit time, calculated as GFR multiplied by plasma concentration.

31
Q

What physiological mechanisms are collectively called autoregulation?

A

Mechanisms that minimize changes in GFR and RBF despite fluctuations in renal artery pressure.

32
Q

How does renal artery pressure affect glomerular pressure?

A

Changes in renal artery pressure cause changes in glomerular pressure in the same direction.

33
Q

What happens to GFR if renal artery pressure remains constant?

A

GFR is maintained nearly constant despite fluctuations in arterial pressure.

34
Q

What is the impact of low renal blood flow (RBF) on glomerular oncotic pressure?

A

Low RBF leads to a steeper increase in glomerular oncotic pressure, lowering average net filtration pressure and GFR.

35
Q

What is the typical percentage of plasma filtered by the kidneys?

A

About 20% of the plasma entering the kidney is filtered.

36
Q

What happens to net filtration pressure as water is filtered out of the glomerular capillaries?

A

Net filtration pressure decreases due to increased oncotic pressure as proteins are left behind.

37
Q

What regulates blood flow in the kidneys relative to their mass?

A

Functional reasons rather than metabolic demand.

38
Q

What determines glomerular capillary pressure?

A

The relative resistances of afferent and efferent arterioles.

39
Q

What is the structure through which glomerular filtration proceeds?

A

A three-layered barrier that restricts filtration of large macromolecules.

40
Q

What type of charge on the filtration barrier restricts negatively charged solutes?

A

Negative surface charge.

41
Q

What determines the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

Permeability of the filtration barrier and net filtration pressure (NFP).

42
Q

What primarily affects net filtration pressure (NFP)?

A

Hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in the glomerular capillaries.

43
Q

What allows for independent control of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow?

A

Control of the resistances of the afferent and efferent arterioles.

44
Q

True or False: Autoregulation prevents large changes in GFR with changes in arterial pressure.

A

True.

45
Q

Blood enters the renal medulla immediately after passing through which vessels?

A

Arcuate arteries.

46
Q

Which cell type is the main determinant of the filterability of plasma solutes?

A

Podocyte.

47
Q

Which one of the following is NOT subject to physiological control on a moment-to-moment basis?

A

Selectivity of the filtration barrier.

48
Q

A substance is freely filtered and has a certain concentration in peripheral plasma. You would expect the substance to have virtually the same concentration in _______.

A

the glomerular filtrate.

49
Q

In the face of a 20% decrease in arterial pressure, GFR decreases by only 2%. What could account for this finding?

A

Efferent arteriolar resistance increases.

50
Q

The hydrostatic pressure within the glomerular capillaries is _______.

A

much higher than in most peripheral capillaries.

A&P Fall 24' (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions