AP 8 Nov Quizlet Flashcards
1
Q
Movement of fluid out of capillaries.
A
Capillary Filtration
2
Q
Force exerted by circulating blood on vessel walls.
A
Blood Pressure
3
Q
Opposition to blood flow in blood vessels.
A
Vascular Resistance
4
Q
Specialized capillaries for filtration in kidneys.
A
Kidney Capillaries
5
Q
Movement of blood through the circulatory system.
A
Blood Flow
6
Q
Voltage difference across a cell membrane.
A
Membrane Potential
7
Q
Proteins allowing ions to pass through membranes.
A
Ion Channels
8
Q
Transfer of nutrients between blood and tissues.
A
Nutrient Exchange
9
Q
Muscle type regulating blood vessel diameter.
A
Smooth Muscle
10
Q
Fluid surrounding tissue cells.
A
Interstitial Fluid
11
Q
Pressure exerted by proteins in plasma.
A
Plasma Osmotic Pressure
12
Q
Network removing excess fluid from tissues.
A
Lymphatic System
13
Q
Capillaries in kidneys with high filtration pressure.
A
Glomerular Capillaries
14
Q
Blood vessels supplying blood to glomeruli.
A
Afferent Arterioles
15
Q
Process of filtering blood in kidneys.
A
Glomerular Filtration
16
Q
Pressure exerted by fluid in a confined space.
A
Hydrostatic Pressure
17
Q
Forces determining fluid movement across capillaries.
A
Starling Forces
18
Q
Difference between hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
A
Net Filtration Pressure
19
Q
Volume of fluid filtered per minute.
A
Filtration Rate
20
Q
Ability of capillaries to allow substances to pass.
A
Capillary Permeability
21
Q
Process of fluid being absorbed back into capillaries.
A
Reabsorption
22
Q
Sum of all capillary surfaces for exchange.
A
Total Surface Area
23
Q
Speed of blood flow through vessels.
A
Blood Flow Velocity
24
Q
Pressure needed to prevent fluid movement.
A
Osmotic Pressure
25
Pressure exerted by fluid in interstitial spaces.
Interstitial Fluid Pressure
26
Movement of lymph fluid through lymphatic vessels.
Lymphatic Flow
27
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Cardiac Output
28
Network of blood vessels throughout the body.
Vascular Tree
29
125 mL/min in glomerular capillaries.
Filtration Rate in Kidneys
30
Small blood vessels with high vascular resistance.
Arterioles
31
Primary site for nutrient and waste exchange.
Capillaries
32
Relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
Ohm's Law
33
Pressure difference driving blood flow.
Delta P
34
Removal of metabolic waste from tissues.
Waste Collection
35
Total area available for blood flow in vessels.
Cross Sectional Area
36
Speed at which blood moves through vessels.
Velocity of Blood Flow
37
Width of blood vessels affecting flow resistance.
Internal Diameter
38
Phase of heart contraction pumping blood.
Systole
39
Large veins returning blood to the heart.
Vena Cava
40
Rate of energy expenditure in tissues.
Metabolic Rate
41
Total area of capillaries facilitating exchange.
Surface Area
42
Part of circulation where blood is distributed.
Arterial Side
43
Narrowing of vessels increasing blood pressure.
Blood Vessel Constriction
44
Widening of vessels decreasing blood pressure.
Blood Vessel Relaxation
45
Concentration of capillaries in a tissue area.
Capillary Density
46
Release of oxygen from blood to tissues.
Oxygen Offloading
47
Absorption of carbon dioxide from tissues to blood.
CO2 Pickup
48
Resistance in arteries affecting blood pressure.
Arterial Resistance
49
Muscle controlling diameter of blood vessels.
Vascular Smooth Muscle
50
Sum of cross-sectional areas of all vessels.
Total Cross Sectional Area
51
Approximately 500-700 square meters in the body.
Capillary Surface Area
52
Largest artery distributing blood from heart.
Aorta
53
Systemic vascular resistance regulating blood flow.
SPR
54
High ratio in arterioles; affects blood flow.
Wall Thickness to Diameter Ratio
55
Inner layer of heart, veins, arteries, capillaries.
Endothelial Cells
56
Hormone causing arterioles to constrict.
Norepinephrine
57
Approximately 30 mmHg in capillaries.
Blood Pressure at Arterial End
58
Drops to about 10 mmHg in capillaries.
Blood Pressure at Venous End
59
Mean arterial pressure; average is 100 mmHg.
MAP
60
Fluid moving out of capillaries into tissues.
Filtration
61
Higher blood pressure; favors filtration.
Arterial End
62
Lower blood pressure; favors reabsorption.
Venous End
63
Large due to numerous capillaries present.
Cross Sectional Area in Capillaries
64
Maintains tissue hydration; prevents excess or deficit.
Fluid Balance
65
Nutrients move from capillaries to tissues.
Oxygen Delivery
66
Essential nutrient transported from capillaries to cells.
Glucose Delivery
67
Drives fluid movement across capillary walls.
Pressure Gradient
68
Facilitates nutrient and waste exchange in tissues.
Capillary Function
69
Larger than arteries; affects blood flow dynamics.
Cross Sectional Area in Veins
70
Varies from 30 mmHg to 10 mmHg across length.
Capillary Blood Pressure
71
30 mmHg, pressure at capillary's arterial end.
Arterial End Pressure
72
10 mmHg, pressure at capillary's venular end.
Venular End Pressure
73
Opposes filtration, may promote reabsorption.
Positive Interstitial Pressure
74
Typically -3 mmHg, promotes fluid movement into capillaries.
Negative Interstitial Pressure
75
Pressure holding fluid inside capillaries due to proteins.
Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure
76
28 mmHg, keeps fluid within cardiovascular system.
Normal Plasma Oncotic Pressure
77
Influences protein movement and osmotic pressure.
Capillary Wall Permeability
78
Process of fluid moving out of capillaries.
Fluid Filtration
79
Process of fluid moving back into capillaries.
Fluid Reabsorption
80
Pull excess fluid from interstitial spaces.
Lymphatics Function
81
Typically negative, aids fluid balance.
Healthy Interstitial Pressure
82
Increased capillary permeability affects protein osmotic pressure.
Sepsis Effect
83
Maintains plasma oncotic pressure in blood.
Albumin Role
84
Contributes to blood osmotic pressure.
Fibrinogen Function
85
Help maintain blood osmotic pressure.
Immunoglobulins Contribution
86
Physical fluid pressure in a given area.
Hydraulic Pressure
87
Network of capillaries facilitating exchange.
Capillary Beds
88
Movement of fluid influenced by pressure differences.
Fluid Dynamics
89
One cell layer thick, facilitates exchange.
Capillary Structure
90
Determined by pressures inside and outside capillaries.
Filtration-Absorption Balance
91
Affects fluid movement into or out of capillaries.
Hydraulic Pressure Outside Capillary
92
Loss of proteins from capillary affects osmotic pressure.
Colloid Escape
93
Major protein in blood plasma affecting osmotic pressure.
Albumin
94
Large protein strings in interstitial space providing structure.
Proteoglycan Filaments
95
Large compound that retains water in tissues.
Hyaluronic Acid
96
Proteins in blood that create osmotic pressure.
Vascular Colloids
97
Process of keeping fluid within the cardiovascular system.
Fluid Retention
98
Severe infection causing increased capillary permeability.
Sepsis
99
Swelling due to excess fluid in interstitial space.
Edema
100
Vessels that transport excess fluid and proteins.
Lymphatics
101
Difference in osmotic pressure across capillary walls.
Osmotic Gradient
102
Process of fluid shifting between compartments.
Fluid Movement
103
Injury causing release of intracellular proteins.
Cellular Damage
104
Physical injury leading to tissue damage and swelling.
Trauma
105
Term for capillaries with excessive permeability.
Swiss Cheese Capillaries
106
Process of lymphatics removing excess fluid.
Lymphatic Absorption
107
Removal of excess fluid by lymphatic system.
Fluid Scavenging
108
Escape of proteins from capillaries into interstitial fluid.
Protein Leakage
109
Normal values: 28 mmHg inside, 8 mmHg outside.
Osmotic Pressure Measurement
110
Long-term swelling due to persistent fluid retention.
Chronic Edema
111
Cell death releasing contents into interstitial space.
Cell Implosion
112
Maintains fluid balance and immune response.
Lymphatic System Function
113
Importance of lymphatic knowledge during procedures.
Surgical Considerations
114
Higher pressure inside capillaries compared to interstitial.
Capillary Osmotic Pressure
115
Lymphatics can increase absorption by 20-40 times.
Fluid Absorption Capacity
116
Capillary pressure at arteriole end, 30 mmHg.
P cap
117
Difference in capillary pressure, 20 mmHg.
Delta P cap
118
Measure of capillary permeability to water.
Capillary Filtration Coefficient
119
Pressure exerted by proteins in plasma.
Oncotic Pressure
120
Second most important proteins in oncotic pressure.
Globulins
121
Coagulation factor affecting plasma oncotic pressure.
Fibrinogen
122
Combined pressure from plasma proteins, 28 mmHg.
Total Oncotic Pressure
123
Prevent backflow in lymphatic and venous systems.
One-Way Valves
124
Muscle contractions aid venous and lymphatic return.
Skeletal Muscle Pump
125
Connect lymphatic system to large veins in thorax.
Lymphatic Ducts
126
Factors pushing fluid out of capillaries.
Filtration Favoring Forces
127
Pressure outside capillary, affects fluid movement.
Interstitial Hydrostatic Pressure
128
Opposes filtration, 28 mmHg in capillaries.
Plasma Oncotic Pressure
129
Increases surface area, enhancing fluid exchange.
Capillary Expansion
130
Occurs when movement is restricted, like bed rest.
Fluid Stasis
131
Simulate muscle contractions to promote fluid movement.
Sequential Compression Devices
132
Flow of blood back to the heart.
Venous Return
133
Forces determining fluid exchange across capillaries.
Capillary Starling Forces
134
Capillary end where reabsorption occurs.
Venular End
135
Typically 17.3 mmHg throughout systemic capillaries.
Average Capillary Blood Pressure
136
Fluid filtered beyond reabsorption capacity.
Excess Filtration
137
Influences blood pressure and filtration rates.
Capillary Diameter
138
Indicates reabsorption at the venular end.
Negative Filtration Pressure
139
Pressure from blood within capillaries.
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure
140
Osmotic pressure from proteins outside capillaries.
Interstitial Protein Osmotic Pressure
141
Forces promoting fluid movement out of capillaries.
Filtration Favoring Factors
142
Forces preventing fluid movement out of capillaries.
Filtration Opposing Factors
143
Sum of favoring pressures minus opposing pressures.
Net Filtration Calculation
144
Difference in pressure from arterial to venous ends.
Capillary Pressure Gradient
145
Occurs at venular end due to negative pressure.
Reabsorption Dominance
146
Blood flow throughout the body excluding lungs.
Systemic Circulation
147
Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Pressure Units
148
Influences pressure and filtration characteristics.
Capillary Length
149
High permeability of sodium through capillary openings.
Sodium Permeability
150
Chloride easily crosses capillary walls due to size.
Chloride Permeability
151
Specialized capillaries limiting permeability in the brain.
Blood-Brain Barrier
152
Proteins facilitating glucose movement across barriers.
Glucose Transporters
153
Rate of fluid filtering from capillaries into compartments.
Glomerular Filtration Rate
154
Average blood pressure entering the kidney, ~100 mmHg.
Renal Artery Pressure
155
Decrease in pressure as blood flows through resistance.
Blood Pressure Drop
156
Movement of substances from capillaries into kidney compartments.
Filtration Process
157
Low blood pressure exiting the kidney.
Renal Vein Pressure
158
Reabsorption and secretion of filtered substances.
Fluid Processing
159
Total filtration rate of glomerular capillaries.
125 mL/min
160
Typically not filtered unless capillaries are damaged.
Red Blood Cell Filtration
161
Large proteins filtered minimally under normal conditions.
Protein Filtration
162
Condition affecting filtration efficiency in kidneys.
Capillary Health
163
Space where filtered substances are processed.
Compartment for Processing
164
Afferent arterioles create significant resistance.
High Resistance Arterioles
165
Average pressure in systemic capillaries, ~30 mmHg.
Typical Systemic Capillary Pressure
166
Unique mechanisms for substance transport in specific areas.
Specialized Systems
167
Larger compounds less likely to pass through capillaries.
Compounds Size Effect
168
Increased resistance leads to lower blood pressure.
Resistance Impact on Pressure
169
Spaces between endothelial cells allowing substance passage.
Capillary Openings
170
Certain substances not filtered due to size.
Filtration Limitations
