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A&P Fall 24' > AP 8 Nov Quizlet > Flashcards

AP 8 Nov Quizlet Flashcards

1
Q

Movement of fluid out of capillaries.

A

Capillary Filtration

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2
Q

Force exerted by circulating blood on vessel walls.

A

Blood Pressure

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3
Q

Opposition to blood flow in blood vessels.

A

Vascular Resistance

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4
Q

Specialized capillaries for filtration in kidneys.

A

Kidney Capillaries

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5
Q

Movement of blood through the circulatory system.

A

Blood Flow

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6
Q

Voltage difference across a cell membrane.

A

Membrane Potential

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7
Q

Proteins allowing ions to pass through membranes.

A

Ion Channels

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8
Q

Transfer of nutrients between blood and tissues.

A

Nutrient Exchange

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9
Q

Muscle type regulating blood vessel diameter.

A

Smooth Muscle

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10
Q

Fluid surrounding tissue cells.

A

Interstitial Fluid

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11
Q

Pressure exerted by proteins in plasma.

A

Plasma Osmotic Pressure

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12
Q

Network removing excess fluid from tissues.

A

Lymphatic System

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13
Q

Capillaries in kidneys with high filtration pressure.

A

Glomerular Capillaries

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14
Q

Blood vessels supplying blood to glomeruli.

A

Afferent Arterioles

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15
Q

Process of filtering blood in kidneys.

A

Glomerular Filtration

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16
Q

Pressure exerted by fluid in a confined space.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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17
Q

Forces determining fluid movement across capillaries.

A

Starling Forces

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18
Q

Difference between hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.

A

Net Filtration Pressure

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19
Q

Volume of fluid filtered per minute.

A

Filtration Rate

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20
Q

Ability of capillaries to allow substances to pass.

A

Capillary Permeability

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21
Q

Process of fluid being absorbed back into capillaries.

A

Reabsorption

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22
Q

Sum of all capillary surfaces for exchange.

A

Total Surface Area

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23
Q

Speed of blood flow through vessels.

A

Blood Flow Velocity

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24
Q

Pressure needed to prevent fluid movement.

A

Osmotic Pressure

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25
Q

Pressure exerted by fluid in interstitial spaces.

A

Interstitial Fluid Pressure

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26
Q

Movement of lymph fluid through lymphatic vessels.

A

Lymphatic Flow

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27
Q

Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

A

Cardiac Output

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28
Q

Network of blood vessels throughout the body.

A

Vascular Tree

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29
Q

125 mL/min in glomerular capillaries.

A

Filtration Rate in Kidneys

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30
Q

Small blood vessels with high vascular resistance.

A

Arterioles

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31
Q

Primary site for nutrient and waste exchange.

A

Capillaries

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32
Q

Relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.

A

Ohm’s Law

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33
Q

Pressure difference driving blood flow.

A

Delta P

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34
Q

Removal of metabolic waste from tissues.

A

Waste Collection

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35
Q

Total area available for blood flow in vessels.

A

Cross Sectional Area

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36
Q

Speed at which blood moves through vessels.

A

Velocity of Blood Flow

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37
Q

Width of blood vessels affecting flow resistance.

A

Internal Diameter

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38
Q

Phase of heart contraction pumping blood.

A

Systole

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39
Q

Large veins returning blood to the heart.

A

Vena Cava

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40
Q

Rate of energy expenditure in tissues.

A

Metabolic Rate

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41
Q

Total area of capillaries facilitating exchange.

A

Surface Area

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42
Q

Part of circulation where blood is distributed.

A

Arterial Side

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43
Q

Narrowing of vessels increasing blood pressure.

A

Blood Vessel Constriction

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44
Q

Widening of vessels decreasing blood pressure.

A

Blood Vessel Relaxation

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45
Q

Concentration of capillaries in a tissue area.

A

Capillary Density

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46
Q

Release of oxygen from blood to tissues.

A

Oxygen Offloading

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47
Q

Absorption of carbon dioxide from tissues to blood.

A

CO2 Pickup

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48
Q

Resistance in arteries affecting blood pressure.

A

Arterial Resistance

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49
Q

Muscle controlling diameter of blood vessels.

A

Vascular Smooth Muscle

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50
Q

Sum of cross-sectional areas of all vessels.

A

Total Cross Sectional Area

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51
Q

Approximately 500-700 square meters in the body.

A

Capillary Surface Area

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52
Q

Largest artery distributing blood from heart.

A

Aorta

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53
Q

Systemic vascular resistance regulating blood flow.

A

SPR

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54
Q

High ratio in arterioles; affects blood flow.

A

Wall Thickness to Diameter Ratio

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55
Q

Inner layer of heart, veins, arteries, capillaries.

A

Endothelial Cells

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56
Q

Hormone causing arterioles to constrict.

A

Norepinephrine

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57
Q

Approximately 30 mmHg in capillaries.

A

Blood Pressure at Arterial End

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58
Q

Drops to about 10 mmHg in capillaries.

A

Blood Pressure at Venous End

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59
Q

Mean arterial pressure; average is 100 mmHg.

A

MAP

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60
Q

Fluid moving out of capillaries into tissues.

A

Filtration

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61
Q

Higher blood pressure; favors filtration.

A

Arterial End

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62
Q

Lower blood pressure; favors reabsorption.

A

Venous End

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63
Q

Large due to numerous capillaries present.

A

Cross Sectional Area in Capillaries

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64
Q

Maintains tissue hydration; prevents excess or deficit.

A

Fluid Balance

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65
Q

Nutrients move from capillaries to tissues.

A

Oxygen Delivery

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66
Q

Essential nutrient transported from capillaries to cells.

A

Glucose Delivery

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67
Q

Drives fluid movement across capillary walls.

A

Pressure Gradient

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68
Q

Facilitates nutrient and waste exchange in tissues.

A

Capillary Function

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69
Q

Larger than arteries; affects blood flow dynamics.

A

Cross Sectional Area in Veins

70
Q

Varies from 30 mmHg to 10 mmHg across length.

A

Capillary Blood Pressure

71
Q

30 mmHg, pressure at capillary’s arterial end.

A

Arterial End Pressure

72
Q

10 mmHg, pressure at capillary’s venular end.

A

Venular End Pressure

73
Q

Opposes filtration, may promote reabsorption.

A

Positive Interstitial Pressure

74
Q

Typically -3 mmHg, promotes fluid movement into capillaries.

A

Negative Interstitial Pressure

75
Q

Pressure holding fluid inside capillaries due to proteins.

A

Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure

76
Q

28 mmHg, keeps fluid within cardiovascular system.

A

Normal Plasma Oncotic Pressure

77
Q

Influences protein movement and osmotic pressure.

A

Capillary Wall Permeability

78
Q

Process of fluid moving out of capillaries.

A

Fluid Filtration

79
Q

Process of fluid moving back into capillaries.

A

Fluid Reabsorption

80
Q

Pull excess fluid from interstitial spaces.

A

Lymphatics Function

81
Q

Typically negative, aids fluid balance.

A

Healthy Interstitial Pressure

82
Q

Increased capillary permeability affects protein osmotic pressure.

A

Sepsis Effect

83
Q

Maintains plasma oncotic pressure in blood.

A

Albumin Role

84
Q

Contributes to blood osmotic pressure.

A

Fibrinogen Function

85
Q

Help maintain blood osmotic pressure.

A

Immunoglobulins Contribution

86
Q

Physical fluid pressure in a given area.

A

Hydraulic Pressure

87
Q

Network of capillaries facilitating exchange.

A

Capillary Beds

88
Q

Movement of fluid influenced by pressure differences.

A

Fluid Dynamics

89
Q

One cell layer thick, facilitates exchange.

A

Capillary Structure

90
Q

Determined by pressures inside and outside capillaries.

A

Filtration-Absorption Balance

91
Q

Affects fluid movement into or out of capillaries.

A

Hydraulic Pressure Outside Capillary

92
Q

Loss of proteins from capillary affects osmotic pressure.

A

Colloid Escape

93
Q

Major protein in blood plasma affecting osmotic pressure.

A

Albumin

94
Q

Large protein strings in interstitial space providing structure.

A

Proteoglycan Filaments

95
Q

Large compound that retains water in tissues.

A

Hyaluronic Acid

96
Q

Proteins in blood that create osmotic pressure.

A

Vascular Colloids

97
Q

Process of keeping fluid within the cardiovascular system.

A

Fluid Retention

98
Q

Severe infection causing increased capillary permeability.

A

Sepsis

99
Q

Swelling due to excess fluid in interstitial space.

A

Edema

100
Q

Vessels that transport excess fluid and proteins.

A

Lymphatics

101
Q

Difference in osmotic pressure across capillary walls.

A

Osmotic Gradient

102
Q

Process of fluid shifting between compartments.

A

Fluid Movement

103
Q

Injury causing release of intracellular proteins.

A

Cellular Damage

104
Q

Physical injury leading to tissue damage and swelling.

A

Trauma

105
Q

Term for capillaries with excessive permeability.

A

Swiss Cheese Capillaries

106
Q

Process of lymphatics removing excess fluid.

A

Lymphatic Absorption

107
Q

Removal of excess fluid by lymphatic system.

A

Fluid Scavenging

108
Q

Escape of proteins from capillaries into interstitial fluid.

A

Protein Leakage

109
Q

Normal values: 28 mmHg inside, 8 mmHg outside.

A

Osmotic Pressure Measurement

110
Q

Long-term swelling due to persistent fluid retention.

A

Chronic Edema

111
Q

Cell death releasing contents into interstitial space.

A

Cell Implosion

112
Q

Maintains fluid balance and immune response.

A

Lymphatic System Function

113
Q

Importance of lymphatic knowledge during procedures.

A

Surgical Considerations

114
Q

Higher pressure inside capillaries compared to interstitial.

A

Capillary Osmotic Pressure

115
Q

Lymphatics can increase absorption by 20-40 times.

A

Fluid Absorption Capacity

116
Q

Capillary pressure at arteriole end, 30 mmHg.

A

P cap

117
Q

Difference in capillary pressure, 20 mmHg.

A

Delta P cap

118
Q

Measure of capillary permeability to water.

A

Capillary Filtration Coefficient

119
Q

Pressure exerted by proteins in plasma.

A

Oncotic Pressure

120
Q

Second most important proteins in oncotic pressure.

A

Globulins

121
Q

Coagulation factor affecting plasma oncotic pressure.

A

Fibrinogen

122
Q

Combined pressure from plasma proteins, 28 mmHg.

A

Total Oncotic Pressure

123
Q

Prevent backflow in lymphatic and venous systems.

A

One-Way Valves

124
Q

Muscle contractions aid venous and lymphatic return.

A

Skeletal Muscle Pump

125
Q

Connect lymphatic system to large veins in thorax.

A

Lymphatic Ducts

126
Q

Factors pushing fluid out of capillaries.

A

Filtration Favoring Forces

127
Q

Pressure outside capillary, affects fluid movement.

A

Interstitial Hydrostatic Pressure

128
Q

Opposes filtration, 28 mmHg in capillaries.

A

Plasma Oncotic Pressure

129
Q

Increases surface area, enhancing fluid exchange.

A

Capillary Expansion

130
Q

Occurs when movement is restricted, like bed rest.

A

Fluid Stasis

131
Q

Simulate muscle contractions to promote fluid movement.

A

Sequential Compression Devices

132
Q

Flow of blood back to the heart.

A

Venous Return

133
Q

Forces determining fluid exchange across capillaries.

A

Capillary Starling Forces

134
Q

Capillary end where reabsorption occurs.

A

Venular End

135
Q

Typically 17.3 mmHg throughout systemic capillaries.

A

Average Capillary Blood Pressure

136
Q

Fluid filtered beyond reabsorption capacity.

A

Excess Filtration

137
Q

Influences blood pressure and filtration rates.

A

Capillary Diameter

138
Q

Indicates reabsorption at the venular end.

A

Negative Filtration Pressure

139
Q

Pressure from blood within capillaries.

A

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure

140
Q

Osmotic pressure from proteins outside capillaries.

A

Interstitial Protein Osmotic Pressure

141
Q

Forces promoting fluid movement out of capillaries.

A

Filtration Favoring Factors

142
Q

Forces preventing fluid movement out of capillaries.

A

Filtration Opposing Factors

143
Q

Sum of favoring pressures minus opposing pressures.

A

Net Filtration Calculation

144
Q

Difference in pressure from arterial to venous ends.

A

Capillary Pressure Gradient

145
Q

Occurs at venular end due to negative pressure.

A

Reabsorption Dominance

146
Q

Blood flow throughout the body excluding lungs.

A

Systemic Circulation

147
Q

Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

A

Pressure Units

148
Q

Influences pressure and filtration characteristics.

A

Capillary Length

149
Q

High permeability of sodium through capillary openings.

A

Sodium Permeability

150
Q

Chloride easily crosses capillary walls due to size.

A

Chloride Permeability

151
Q

Specialized capillaries limiting permeability in the brain.

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

152
Q

Proteins facilitating glucose movement across barriers.

A

Glucose Transporters

153
Q

Rate of fluid filtering from capillaries into compartments.

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

154
Q

Average blood pressure entering the kidney, ~100 mmHg.

A

Renal Artery Pressure

155
Q

Decrease in pressure as blood flows through resistance.

A

Blood Pressure Drop

156
Q

Movement of substances from capillaries into kidney compartments.

A

Filtration Process

157
Q

Low blood pressure exiting the kidney.

A

Renal Vein Pressure

158
Q

Reabsorption and secretion of filtered substances.

A

Fluid Processing

159
Q

Total filtration rate of glomerular capillaries.

A

125 mL/min

160
Q

Typically not filtered unless capillaries are damaged.

A

Red Blood Cell Filtration

161
Q

Large proteins filtered minimally under normal conditions.

A

Protein Filtration

162
Q

Condition affecting filtration efficiency in kidneys.

A

Capillary Health

163
Q

Space where filtered substances are processed.

A

Compartment for Processing

164
Q

Afferent arterioles create significant resistance.

A

High Resistance Arterioles

165
Q

Average pressure in systemic capillaries, ~30 mmHg.

A

Typical Systemic Capillary Pressure

166
Q

Unique mechanisms for substance transport in specific areas.

A

Specialized Systems

167
Q

Larger compounds less likely to pass through capillaries.

A

Compounds Size Effect

168
Q

Increased resistance leads to lower blood pressure.

A

Resistance Impact on Pressure

169
Q

Spaces between endothelial cells allowing substance passage.

A

Capillary Openings

170
Q

Certain substances not filtered due to size.

A

Filtration Limitations

A&P Fall 24' (27 decks)

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