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A&P Fall 24' > AP 11 Nov Quizlet > Flashcards

AP 11 Nov Quizlet Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure inside capillaries; 60 mmHg.

A

Capillary Pressure

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2
Q

Fluid pressure outside capillaries; 100 mmHg.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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3
Q

Regulates glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significantly.

A

Efferent Arteriole

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4
Q

Rate of filtration; 125 mls/min in healthy kidneys.

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

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5
Q

Kidney’s ability to maintain blood flow and GFR.

A

Autoregulation

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6
Q

Resistance in blood vessels; highest in efferent arteriole.

A

Vascular Resistance

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7
Q

Cells maintaining capillary structure and filterability.

A

Podocytes

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8
Q

Pressure due to proteins; initially 28 mmHg in glomeruli.

A

Oncotic Pressure

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9
Q

Calculated by subtracting oncotic and hydrostatic pressures.

A

Net Filtration Pressure

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10
Q

Process of reclaiming filtered substances; 99% reabsorbed.

A

Reabsorption

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11
Q

Removal of substances via urine; filtration minus reabsorption.

A

Excretion

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12
Q

Active transport of substances into the tubule.

A

Secretion

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13
Q

Space between tubules and blood vessels; facilitates reabsorption.

A

Renal Interstitium

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14
Q

Capillaries responsible for reabsorbing filtered fluid.

A

Peritubular Capillaries

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15
Q

GFR divided by renal plasma flow; about 0.19.

A

Filtration Fraction

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16
Q

Total blood flow to kidneys; about 1100 mls/min.

A

Renal Blood Flow

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17
Q

Normal output; about 1 mL/min, varies with blood pressure.

A

Urine Output

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18
Q

Adjusts blood flow to glomeruli; crucial for filtration.

A

Afferent Arteriole

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19
Q

Efferent arteriole constriction increases filtration rate.

A

Filtration Rate Adjustment

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20
Q

Pressure in renal interstitium; about 6 mmHg.

A

Physical Fluid Pressure

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21
Q

Protein osmotic pressure in tubule; initially zero.

A

Osmotic Pressure

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22
Q

Kidney adjusts fluid excretion for blood pressure control.

A

Long-term Blood Pressure Management

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23
Q

Effective between 50-150 mmHg in healthy kidneys.

A

Blood Pressure Range for Autoregulation

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24
Q

Compromised function in sick individuals; requires higher pressures.

A

Imperfect Autoregulation

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25
Q

Kidney adjusts urine output for maintaining fluid balance.

A

Fluid Balance

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26
Q

Plasma component of renal blood flow; about 660 mls/min.

A

Renal Plasma Flow

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27
Q

Low in peritubular capillaries; about 10 mmHg.

A

Net Reabsorption Pressure

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28
Q

Blood pressure in renal artery, approx. 100 mmHg.

A

Renal Artery Pressure

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29
Q

Blood pressure in glomerular capillaries, approx. 60 mmHg.

A

Glomerular Capillary Pressure

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30
Q

Pressure driving plasma filtration in kidneys.

A

Filtration Pressure

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31
Q

Typical value in systemic capillaries, 28 mmHg.

A

Plasma Oncotic Pressure

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32
Q

Pressure from proteins in tubule, typically zero.

A

Protein Osmotic Pressure

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33
Q

Process of filtering plasma through glomeruli.

A

Filtration Dynamics

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34
Q

Decrease in pressure due to vascular resistance.

A

Pressure Drop

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35
Q

Loss of fluid from glomerular capillaries during filtration.

A

Fluid Loss

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36
Q

Increase in protein concentration due to fluid loss.

A

Concentration of Proteins

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37
Q

Kidney’s role in regulating blood pressure over time.

A

Long-term Blood Pressure Control

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38
Q

Pressure opposing filtration from remaining proteins.

A

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

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39
Q

Manipulation of resistance to regulate blood flow.

A

Vascular Resistance Control

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40
Q

Difference in pressure driving blood flow.

A

Blood Pressure Gradient

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41
Q

Process of plasma passing through glomeruli.

A

Fluid Filtration

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42
Q

Behavior of blood flow in capillaries.

A

Capillary Dynamics

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43
Q

Range of pressures for effective blood flow regulation.

A

Renal Autoregulation Limits

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44
Q

Variations in pressure affecting renal function.

A

Pressure Changes

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45
Q

Pressure exerted by fluid in renal tubules.

A

Fluid Pressure in Tubule

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46
Q

Volume of fluid filtered per minute, 125 mL.

A

Filtration Rate

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47
Q

Constant used to calculate filtration rate, 12.5.

A

Filtration Coefficient (KF)

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48
Q

Glomerular filtration rate, influenced by efferent arteriole.

A

GFR

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49
Q

Process of separating substances from blood in kidneys.

A

Filtration

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50
Q

Physical pressure in tubules, measured at 18 mmHg.

A

Fluid Pressure

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51
Q

Increases upstream pressure, enhancing filtration.

A

Constricting Efferent Arteriole

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52
Q

Decreases glomerular pressure, reducing filtration rate.

A

Relaxing Efferent Arteriole

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53
Q

Pressure decreases from 60 mmHg to 18 mmHg.

A

Blood Pressure Drop

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54
Q

Cells lining tubules, involved in reabsorption.

A

Tubule Cells

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55
Q

Mechanisms for reabsorption, vary by tubule segment.

A

Transport Systems

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56
Q

Specificity of pumps in distal convoluted tubule.

A

Furosemide Sensitivity

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57
Q

Segment of nephron involved in concentration of urine.

A

Henle’s Loop

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58
Q

Ions present in renal interstitium, crucial for function.

A

Electrolytes

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59
Q

Larger molecules in renal interstitium aiding reabsorption.

A

Energy Compounds

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60
Q

Rate of fluid filtration, typically 125 mL/min.

A

Fluid Filtration Rate

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61
Q

Process of choosing substances to retain or excrete.

A

Selective Reabsorption

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62
Q

Site of high-pressure filtration in kidneys.

A

Glomerular Capillaries

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63
Q

Pathways for reabsorbing substances through tubule walls.

A

Tubule Reabsorption Routes

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64
Q

Mechanism to adjust GFR via arteriole constriction.

A

Pressure Regulation

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65
Q

Space between tubules and capillaries.

A

Interstitium

66
Q

Osmotic pressure in renal interstitium, typically 15 mmHg.

A

Renal Interstitium Protein Osmotic Pressure

67
Q

Average pressure in capillaries, approximately 13 mmHg.

A

Blood Pressure in Peritubular Capillaries

68
Q

Structure where reabsorption and secretion occur.

A

Renal Tubule

69
Q

Indicates net reabsorption, measured at -10 mmHg.

A

Negative Net Filtration Pressure

70
Q

System that circulates blood throughout the body.

A

Cardiovascular System

71
Q

Forces that influence fluid movement across membranes.

A

Osmotic Forces

72
Q

Pathway of fluid from blood to urine.

A

Fluid Movement Pathway

73
Q

Removal of excess potassium via renal tubules.

A

Potassium Secretion

74
Q

Harmful substances removed through secretion.

A

Toxins

75
Q

Twisted structure of nephron involved in reabsorption.

A

Convoluted Tubule

76
Q

Process of creating urine from filtered substances.

A

Urine Formation

77
Q

Excretion equals filtration minus reabsorption plus secretion.

A

Filtration Equation

78
Q

Pressure affecting filtration and reabsorption dynamics.

A

Fluid Pressure in Capillaries

79
Q

Circulation of blood throughout the body.

A

Systemic Circulation

80
Q

Vessel carrying reabsorbed substances back to circulation.

A

Renal Vein

81
Q

Pressure within the renal interstitial space.

A

Interstitial Pressure

82
Q

Tight capsule surrounding the kidney.

A

Renal Capsule

83
Q

Fluid filtered from blood into renal tubules.

A

Filtrate

84
Q

Process of moving substances into the tubule.

A

Active Secretion

85
Q

Increase in pressure due to concentrated proteins.

A

Colloid Osmotic Pressure Change

86
Q

Percentage of blood volume occupied by red cells.

A

Renal Hematocrit

87
Q

Pressure opposing filtration in the kidney.

A

Fluid Pressure in Bowman’s Capsule

88
Q

Kidney’s ability to maintain blood flow stability.

A

Auto-regulation

89
Q

Hormones affecting kidney function and fluid balance.

A

Hormonal Influence

90
Q

Process of filtering blood through glomeruli.

A

Fluid Filtering Mechanism

91
Q

Approximately 20% in healthy kidney function.

A

Normal Filtration Fraction

92
Q

Key pressures include hydrostatic and oncotic.

A

Pressure Measurements

93
Q

Two networks in kidneys for filtration and reabsorption.

A

Capillary Beds

94
Q

Narrowing of arterioles, affecting blood flow and pressure.

A

Constriction

95
Q

Widening of arterioles, increasing blood flow to kidneys.

A

Dilation

96
Q

Effective between 50 and 150 mmHg blood pressure.

A

Healthy Autoregulation Range

97
Q

Impaired autoregulation in unhealthy individuals.

A

Low Blood Pressure Impact

98
Q

Risk of excessive urine output without autoregulation.

A

High Blood Pressure Impact

99
Q

Blood flow to kidneys, regulated by arterioles.

A

Renal Perfusion

100
Q

Constriction raises upstream pressure, affecting GFR.

A

Pressure Increase

101
Q

Dilation lowers upstream pressure, reducing GFR.

A

Pressure Decrease

102
Q

Requires effective autoregulation and normal blood pressure.

A

Healthy Kidney Function

103
Q

Influenced by afferent and efferent arteriole status.

A

GFR Regulation

104
Q

Caused by constriction of either arteriole.

A

Renal Blood Flow Reduction

105
Q

Caused by dilation of either arteriole.

A

Renal Blood Flow Increase

106
Q

Damages blood vessels, impairs autoregulation.

A

Chronic Hypertension Effects

107
Q

Long-term uncontrolled diabetes affects kidney autoregulation.

A

Diabetes Impact

108
Q

Reduced urine output during low blood pressure.

A

Fluid Conservation

109
Q

GFR and renal blood flow regulated without hormones.

A

Independent Regulation

110
Q

1 mL/min in healthy individuals.

A

Normal Urine Output

111
Q

Higher GFR typically results in increased urine output.

A

GFR and Urine Output Relation

112
Q

Not perfect; influenced by systemic blood pressure.

A

Renal Autoregulation Limitations

113
Q

Hormone affecting water retention, independent of autoregulation.

A

Vasopressin Role

114
Q

Hormone affecting blood pressure, independent of autoregulation.

A

Angiotensin II Role

115
Q

Hormone regulating sodium and water balance, independent of autoregulation.

A

Aldosterone Role

116
Q

Blood vessel supplying glomerular capillaries.

A

Afferent arteriole

117
Q

Capillaries surrounding renal tubules for reabsorption.

A

Peritubular capillary

118
Q

Process where excess sodium is partially reabsorbed.

A

Sodium reabsorption

119
Q

Typically 100% reabsorbed in non-diabetic patients.

A

Glucose reabsorption

120
Q

Para-aminohippuric acid; used to estimate renal blood flow.

A

PAH

121
Q

Blood flow to kidneys; affects PAH clearance.

A

Renal blood flow

122
Q

Openings in glomerular capillaries for permeability.

A

Fenestrations

123
Q

Connective tissue layer supporting glomerular capillaries.

A

Basement membrane

124
Q

Openings between podocyte foot processes.

A

Slit pores

125
Q

Additional removal of substances from blood.

A

Tubular secretion

126
Q

Filtered sodium not fully reabsorbed by kidneys.

A

Excessive sodium

127
Q

Volume of urine produced; equals filtered minus reabsorbed.

A

Renal output

128
Q

Necessary for effective kidney function and waste removal.

A

High filtration rate

129
Q

Mechanisms for reabsorbing or secreting compounds.

A

Transport systems

130
Q

Glucose in urine indicates high blood sugar levels.

A

Diabetic glucose presence

131
Q

Volume of plasma flowing through kidneys.

A

Renal plasma flow

132
Q

Capillary network where filtration occurs.

A

Glomerular capillaries

133
Q

Process of removing excess fluid from body.

A

Fluid excretion

134
Q

Filtered substances not reabsorbed or secreted.

A

Compounds in urine

135
Q

Increased pressure influences filtration and fluid balance.

A

Blood pressure effect

136
Q

Structure where filtration, secretion, and reabsorption occur.

A

Renal tubule

137
Q

Substances used to assess kidney function.

A

Diagnostic compounds

138
Q

Repel similarly charged proteins from filtration.

A

Negative Charges

139
Q

Inner lining of blood vessels, negatively charged.

A

Endothelium

140
Q

Barrier preventing protein filtration in kidneys.

A

Basement Membrane

141
Q

High pressure can damage kidney filtration units.

A

Glomerular Pressure

142
Q

Synthetic sugars used to study filtration properties.

A

Dextrans

143
Q

Charge affects filterability of compounds in kidneys.

A

Charge Influence

144
Q

Ability of substances to pass through membranes.

A

Filterability

145
Q

Synthetic compound for measuring glomerular filtration rate.

A

Inulin

146
Q

Commonly used to estimate kidney function.

A

Creatinine

147
Q

Large protein, filterable but not typically in blood.

A

Myoglobin

148
Q

Large blood protein, low filterability to retain in blood.

A

Albumin

149
Q

Easily filtered; includes water and sodium.

A

Small Particles

150
Q

Prolonged pressure can damage glomerular capillaries.

A

High Blood Pressure

151
Q

Negatively charged dextran, less filterable.

A

Polyionic Dextran

152
Q

Small sugar, easily filtered by kidneys.

A

Glucose

153
Q

Podocytes help maintain glomerular capillary surface area.

A

Surface Area Regulation

154
Q

Chemically modified sugar for filtration studies.

A

Synthetic Sugar

155
Q

Size and charge affect substance filterability.

A

Filterability Factors

156
Q

Typically negatively charged, less filterable.

A

Blood Proteins

157
Q

Study of blood vessels and structures in kidneys.

A

Kidney Anatomy

158
Q

Assess kidney performance using various compounds.

A

Renal Function Tests

159
Q

Larger compounds are less likely to filter.

A

Compounds Size

160
Q

Analyzing blood samples to assess kidney function.

A

Blood Work

161
Q

Determining how well kidneys filter substances.

A

Clearance Measurement

A&P Fall 24' (27 decks)

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