vaccines Flashcards
what cells does the IM memory involve
memory B cells, memory CD4+ T cells, memory CD8+ T cells and long lived plasma cells
what can memory CD8+ T cells do
kill immediately
what can memory CD4 +T cells do
produce cytokines
during 2y infection - which antibodies are produced first in the body
IgM AND IgG - more IgG
the pre existing IgG results in ability to clear infection during incubation periods
what can IgG do to the bacteria and its products
directly neutralise
can also mobilise phagocytes and complement
what does preformed IgA do
block the bacterial attachment to the mucous membrane
what can happen in diptheria
individual may clear the toxin through anti-toxin antibodies, but remain a carrier of microorganism
what have memory B ells already undergone
Ig class switching and hypermutation
what enhance properties do memory cells have
cell adhesion and chemotaxis
what is active immunity
protection produced by the hosts own immune system
usually permanent
what is passive immunity
protection transferred from a person or animal
wanes with time
how do active vaccines work
stimulate immune response to antigen through same pathways as natural infection
variolation
Exposure of an individual to the contents of dried smallpox pustules from infected patient
live attentuated
exposure to same organism with reduced virulence
what is an example of live attenuated vaccine
immunisation with cowpox protects from small pox
