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RB Y1 Respiratory > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

bronchodilator mechanism

A

stimulate bronchial smooth muscle B2 ADR

- inc cAMP, inc PKA = relax

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2
Q

what does one use for nocturnal asthma

A

LABA

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3
Q

bronchodilator side effect

A

fine tremor, tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypokalaemia

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4
Q

bronchodilator contraindications

A

use with cautioning hyperthyroidism, CVS disease, arrhythmias and hypertension

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5
Q

CysLt receptor antagonist examples

A

montelukast, zafirlukast

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6
Q

CysLt receptor antagonist mechanism

A

CysLTs (LTD4, LTC4) derived from inflammatory cells cause contraction of airway SM, oedema inc in mucus and eosinophils
they block these

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7
Q

what is the therapeutic ratio like for oral steroids

A

low

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8
Q

oral steroid mechanism

A

signal via nuclear receptors

bind to GRE

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9
Q

oral steroid AE oral

A

oral candidiasis

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10
Q

oral steroid AE GI

A

peptic ulcer

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11
Q

oral steroid AE MSK

A

myopathy

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12
Q

oral steroid AE endocrine

A

cushing

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13
Q

NOTE: what is cushings

A

excess corticosteroids (causes hypertension)

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14
Q

name an inhaled steroid

A

beclomethasone

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15
Q

inhaled steroid AE

A

fever systemic effects than oral steroids

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16
Q

anti inflammatory anti-IgE monoclonal antibody

A

omalizumab

expensive

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17
Q

omalizumab administration

A

injection every 2 weeks

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18
Q

omalizumab use

A

prophylaxis in asthma

when raised IgE and severe persistent allergic asthma despite max therapy

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19
Q

omalizumab AE

A

abdominal pain
headache
pyrexia

20
Q

omalizumab contraindications

A

caution in autoimmune disease

21
Q

methylxanthine example

A

theophylline

22
Q

methylxanthine mechanism

A

non selective inhibitor of PDE

- inc cAMP and relaxes ASM

23
Q

theophylline route

A

oral

24
Q

aminophylline route

A

IV

25
Q

methylxanthine AE

A

narrow therapeutic ration

arrhythmias, seizures, hypotension

26
Q

SAMA

A

ipratropium and oxitroprium

27
Q

SAMA mechanism

A

non selectively block M 123

28
Q

LAMA

A

tiotropium and aclindium

29
Q

tiotropium mechanism

A

selectively blocks M3

longer half life than ipatropium

30
Q

PDE4 inhibitor

A

rofimulast

31
Q

PDE4 inhibitor use

A

to reduce COPD exacerbations

32
Q

PDE4 inhibitor AE

A

nausea, diarrhoea, headache, weight loss

33
Q

Mucolytics

A

oral carbocisteine and oral erdosteine

34
Q

carbocisteine mechanisms

A

reduce sputum viscosity

35
Q

carbocisteine AE

A

rarely GI bleeding

36
Q

Mucolytics contraindications

A

caution with those with history of peptic ulcer

37
Q

erdosteine mechanism

A

symptomatic treatment of acute exacerbation chronic bronchitis

38
Q

erdosteine AE

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abomdinal pain

39
Q

what do M1 ACH receptors do

A

facilitate fast neurotransmission by Ach acting on nicotinic receptors

40
Q

what do M2 ACH receptors do

A

inhibit Ach release

41
Q

what do M3 ACH receptors do

A

mediate SM contraction and inc mucus secretion

42
Q

what is indacaterol

A

ultra LABA - rapid onset of action and only daily dose required

43
Q

what is the best combination for reducing FEV1

A

LAMA + LABA

44
Q

what are the effects of antihistamines

A

antagonists of H1 receptors

  • dec vasodilatation and inc capillary permeability
  • dec activation of sensory nerves
  • dec mucus secretion from submucosal glands
45
Q

what is used for aspirin induced asthma

A

CYsLt antagonist

46
Q

what is symbicort

A

budesonide and formoterol

47
Q

what is seretide

A

fluticasone and salmeterol

RB Y1 Respiratory (33 decks)

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