Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RB Y1 Respiratory > physiology supplementary > Flashcards

physiology supplementary Flashcards

1
Q

boyle’s law

A

pressure is inversely proportional to volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how are lungs linked to thorax (2 ways)

A

intrapleual fluid cohesiveness negative intrapleural pressure (lungs push out and thorax pushes in )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is alveolar surface tension

A

attraction between water molecules at liquid air surface, resist lung stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

laplaces law

A

P = (2T) / r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does laplaces law mean

A

smaller alveoli have a greater tendency to collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how are smaller alveolis prevented from collapse

A

surfactant reduces surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

alveoli interdependence

A

if one alveoli collapses the others save it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the normal inspiratory capacity

A

females - 3500ml males - 4500 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is FRC

A

volume of air in lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration. ERV+RV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is IC

A

the max volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal quiet expiration

TV + IRV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when does residual volume inc

A

when the elastic recoil of the lungs is lost eg emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

can total lung volume be measured by spirometry?

A

no because RV cant be measured by spirometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does dec pulmonary compliance cause

A

SOB on exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is dec pulmonary compliance seen in

A

restrictive diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why is alveolar ventilation less than pulmonary ventilation

A

because of anatomical dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define pulmonary ventilation

A

vol of air breathed in and out per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define alveolar ventilation

A

vol of air exchanged between the atmosphere and the alveoli per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is physiological dead space

A

anatomical + alveolar dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is alveolar dead space

A

ventilated alveoli that are not adequately perfused with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

daltons law

A

total pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in the gas mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

compare the diffusion coefficient of CO2 to O2

A

CO2 is 20x more than O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ficks law

A

The amount of gas that moves across a sheet of tissue in unit time is proportional to the area of the sheet but inversely proportional to its thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

henrys law

A

The amount of a given gas dissolve in a given type and volume of liquid (e.g. blood) at a constant temperature is: proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how is most O2 found in the body

A

bound to Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the primary factor that determines the percent saturation of Hb with O2

A

PO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how does anaemia effect O2 conc of bood

A

dec Hb concentration and dec O2 conc of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

describe the oxygen Hb binding curve

A

sigmoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the taut form of Hb

A

deoxyHb

30
Q

what is the relaxed form of Hb

A

oxyHb

31
Q

what is the Bohr effect

A

The Bohr Effect Facilitates the Removal of O2 from Haemoglobin at Tissue Level by Shifting the O2-Hb Dissociation Curve to the Right

32
Q

foetal Hb subunits

A

2 alpha and 2 gamma

33
Q

compare foetal Hb affinity or Hb

A

higher than normal - curve is shifted left

34
Q

when if foetal Hb replaced by adult Hb

A

a few months after birth

35
Q

where is myoglobin present

A

skeletal and cardiac muscle

36
Q

ratio of haem molecule to myoglobin binding

A

1:1

37
Q

what does the presence of myoglobin in the blood indicate

A

muscle damage

38
Q

what does myoglobin provide

A

a short term storage for O2 in anaerobic conditions

39
Q

describe the myoglobin curve and what it means

A

hyperbolic - myoglobin releases O2 at a very low PO2

40
Q

how is the majority of CO2 transported

A

as bicarbonate

41
Q

what helps the formation of bicarbonate from CO2 and H2O and where does this occur

A

carbonic anhydrase, occurs in RBC

42
Q

describe the haldane effect

A

removing oxygen from Hb inc the ability of Hb to pick up CO and H ions

43
Q

what is the point of the Bohr and haldane effect

A

O2 liberation and uptake of CO and H ions at tissues

44
Q

what generates the breathing rhythm

A

pre botzinger complex

45
Q

how does normal inspiration come about

A

firing of the dorsal respiratory group neurones

46
Q

how does passive expiration come about

A

the dorsal neurones cease firing

47
Q

how does active expiration come about

A

ventral neurones fire - excite the internal intercostals and abdominals etc

48
Q

where can the breathing rhythm be modified

A

pons - pneumotaxic centre

49
Q

what does the PC do

A

inhibit inspiration

50
Q

wha would happen without PC

A

apneusis

51
Q

when is the PC stimulated

A

when the dorsal neurones fire (inspiration)

52
Q

what does the apneustic centre do

A

prolong inspiration

53
Q

describe general breathing rhythm control

A

generated in the medulla and modified in the pons

54
Q

which receptors guard against hyperinflation

A

pulmonary stretch receptors - Hering Breuer reflex

55
Q

what are the juxtapulmonary receptors stimulated by

A

pulmonary congestion and oedema (LVF), also pulmonary emboli

cause rapid shallow breathing

56
Q

what TV will the pulmonary stretch receptors be activated at

A

>1 l

57
Q

which receptors contribute to the inc ventilation during exercise

A

joint

58
Q

what do chemoreceptors sense

A

the value of gas tensions

59
Q

what do peripheral chemoreceptors sense

A

oxygen and CO2 and H conc in blood

60
Q

what do central chemoreceptors respond to

A

H conc of CSF

61
Q

how is CSF separated from the blood

A

blood brain barrier

62
Q

what can cross the BBB

A

CO2 NOT H and HCO3

63
Q

when is the hypoxic drive important

A

at high altitudes and with COPD

64
Q

when is the hypoxic drive stimulated

A

PO2 <8kPa

65
Q

what is hypoxia at high altitudes stimulated by

A

dec partial pressure of insired oxygen

66
Q

what is the acute reponse to hypoxia at high altitudes

A

hyperventilation and inc CO

67
Q

what are the symptoms of acute mountain sickness

A

headache, fatigue, nausea, TACHYCARDIA, dizziness, sleep disturbance, exhaustion, shortness of breath, unconsciousness

68
Q

what does the chronic adaption to hypoxia involve

A

inc RBC production, inc 23 DPG production, inc number of capillaries, inc no of mitochondria and kidneys conserve acid and METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

69
Q

what is inc RBC production called

A

polycythaemia

70
Q

how do the peripheral chemoreceptors adjust for acidosis

A

sense H ions and cause hyperventilation and inc elimination of CO2 from the body

71
Q

what is diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Hyperventilation with a severe metabolic acidosis.

RB Y1 Respiratory (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions