Vaccines Flashcards
Types of vaccines
- Weaken the virus using chemical substances
- Inactivate the virus
- Use part of the pathogen
- Use part of the genetic code
When did the WHO start the eradication campaign for smallpox?
1956
When was smallpox eradicated?
1980
When was the Spanish flu pandemic?
1918
How many people did the spanish flu kill?
70-100 million
What is zoonosis?
Almost all human infections have made the lead of species from animals to humans: contributes to 95% of human diseases
When was our first meeting with coronavirus?
Middle ages
4 types of human coronaviruses
HCoV: NL63
HCoV: HKU1
HCoV: 229E
HCoV: OC43
Why are the bats the epicenter of coronaviruses?
In the cold caves, their immune system is able to respond partially to virological infection. They produce antibodies but without combating, without eliminating the infections within their own body
BATS CAN COEVOLVE A CHRONIC INFECTION AGAINST CORONAVIRUS
How did MERS 2012 start?
In the Arabian peninsula from camel to camel.
What are the 3 fears regarding vaccines?
- Our generation is the first one free from infectious diseases: social perception of risk disappeared
- It is a preventive treatment, then one receives vaccine when is in a good shape
- It is injected a serum containing germs attenuated, killed or parts of them
How many lives have been saved because of vaccinations?
700 million disease cases
150 million deaths
When does the first anti-vaxx movement in the EU start?
1870s
When does the first anti-vaxx movement in the USA start?
1879
What and when was the cutter incident?
1955
several vaccine batches contained live active polio caused by the polio vaccine
Definition of vaccine hesitancy
refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services
What did SAGE redefine hesitancy as?
A motivational state of being conflicted or opposed to vaccination
What is the model 3Cs?
- Complacency
- Confidence
- Convenience
What is complacency?
low perceived risk of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine not deemed necessary
What is confidence?
Low levels of trust in vaccines, in delivery systems and in health authorities
What is convenience?
barriers related to geographic, availability, affordability
What 4 for Cs were added to the the model 3Cs?
- Calculation
- Conspiracy theories
- Collective response
- Compliance
What is calculation?
the aptitude of an informed approach fo behaviours guided by the evaluation of their benefits
What are conspiracy theories?
The attitude to a conspirational approach
What is collective response?
The well to protect others by vaccinating themselves
What is compliance?
Acceptance of restrictions or any obligations imposed: refusing vaccination because they force you
