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Human endeavour > Papers > Flashcards

Papers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure usually followed in research papers?

A

IMRaD

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2
Q

What is IMRaD?

A

Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Abstract

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3
Q

What verb tense is used in the abstract and introduction for aims and hypothesis?

A

past tense

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4
Q

What verb tense is used in the introduction for existing evidence?

A

present

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5
Q

What verb tense is used in the methods/results?

A

simple past

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6
Q

What verb tense is used in the discussion?

A

simple present + simple past

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7
Q

What verb tense is used in the result analysis?

A

past

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8
Q

What verb tense is used in the captions/legends?

A

present

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9
Q

Where is the abstract found?

A

Before the introduction, even though it is written last

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10
Q

How many words should the title be?

A

maximum 15 words

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11
Q

Which punctuation can be used in the title?

A

NEVER full stop
colons

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12
Q

What is declarative title?

A

states the main finding of the study in itself

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13
Q

What is an indicative title?

A

Gives the purpose of the study

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14
Q

What is the short running title?

A

A shorter version of main title at top of every non-title page

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15
Q

How long should the short-running title be?

A

40 CHARACTERS

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16
Q

List the 4 rules regarding abbreviations

A
  1. Explain abbreviations when first used in text
  2. Only abbreviate terms used throughout the manuscript
  3. Punctuate latin abbreviations
  4. Avoid using abbreviations at the beginning of sentences
17
Q

Structure of the paper

A

Title
Authors Names and Affiliations
Kew words and main abbreviations used
Abstract
IMRaD
Acknowledgments
List of references

18
Q

Definition of an author

A

Someone who contributes substantially to the conception, design, data, collection and interpretation, drafting and revision of text, approval or final version for submission

19
Q

Who is the corresponding author?

A

Submits the paper online+ Responds to reviewers’ suggestions and comments + answers readers’ questions after publication

20
Q

Who is the project chief/senior scientist?

A

guarantees a scientific quality of work

21
Q

How are authors listed?

A
  1. Corresponding author
  2. Authors listed in order of contribution
  3. Project chief/senior scientist
22
Q

what is the standard length of a manuscript?

A

4000 words

23
Q

What is the abstract?

A

Free to read with no charge
Brief statement of results and conclusions of the paper
MUST BE STAND ALONE
might stimulate readers to invest time and money in reading the study

24
Q

What information should the abstract contain?

A
  1. what are the objectives of the study were
  2. how the study was done
  3. what results were obtained
  4. Significance of results
25
Q

What are the 2 types of abstracts?

A

Descriptive Abstract
Structured abstract [preferred]

26
Q

how long should a structured abstract be?

A

400 words

27
Q

how long should a descriptive paragraph be?

A

250 words

28
Q

What does the introduction do?

A

Outlines the purpose, scope, plan of your investigation and justifies its importance: describes the present state of knowledge on the topic and introduces the questions your study investigates

29
Q

What should the results NEVER do?

A

Should never repeat data in text and in tables/graphs

30
Q

What happens in the discussion?

A

interprets rather than restates your results, compares your work with already existing studies, limitations and anomalies

31
Q

Where is the list of references found?

A

At the end of every paper

32
Q

What is the covering letter?

A

Can help overcome the editorial phase

33
Q

How long should the covering letter be?

A

200 words

34
Q

What must be included in the covering letter?

A
  • editor’s name; journal titel and street adress
  • data of submitting author
  • manuscript title
  • category
  • list of authors
  • statement: ‘no previous publication’ or ‘not under review elsewhere’
35
Q

What is In-house review?

A

You invite comments from uninvolved colleagues

36
Q

How is the peer-review procedure conducted?

A

Blinded procedure: authors do not know the reviewers. the reviewers do not know the authors

37
Q

What comments do reviewers give?

A
  1. comments for authors
  2. comments to the editor [accept or reject]

Human endeavour (30 decks)

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