History of medicine theories

Question 1

What does prospect theory demonstrate?

Answer 1

the human tendency to accept the risk in a context of possible losses

Question 2

Nudge theory

Answer 2

Using the knowledge of cognitive-behavioral factors that influence the decisions of citizens to incentive virtuous and socially useful behaviors

Question 3

What can nudge theory help with?

Answer 3

Positive reinforcement

Question 4

What is the cultural cognition of risk?

Answer 4

The tendency of persons to form perceptions of risk and related facts that cohere with their self-defining values

Question 5

How should one tackle the problem of vaccine hesitancy?

Answer 5

We should avoid attempts to increase concerns about communicable disease or correct false claims as they are more likely to be counterproductive; instead we should insist on health loss without vaccines

Question 6

What is motivated reasoning?

Answer 6

An emotion-based, decision-making phenomenon studied in cognitive science and social psychology.

Question 7

How can we solve a biological problem according to Ernst Mayr?

Answer 7

Both proximate and evolutionary causation must be tackled

Question 8

What does motivated reasoning do?

Answer 8

It produces justifications or make decisions that are most desired rather than those that accurately reflect the evidence

Question 9

Who proposed the first genetic explanation of the aging process within an evolutionary perspective?

Answer 9

John Haldane

Question 10

What did Haldane hypothesise?

Answer 10

He hypothesised an analogy with late-onset diseases which are typical of old-age and supposed that the impairing genes have not been eliminated by natural selection as they usually died before they could manifest these late-life health problems