uworld incorrets 3

Question 1

what are the causes of congenital hypothyrodisim

Answer 1

tsh resitance/dysgenesis
thyroid hormone resitance
central hypothyrodisim

Question 2

what is coltivirus

Answer 2

characterized by fever, vomiting, myalgias, and weaknes

Question 3

rash in roseola

Answer 3

transient maculopapular rash that appears for a few days on the chest and trunk once the patient’s fever subsides.

Question 4

rash in varciella

Answer 4

begins on the trunk and spreads centrifugally to involve the face and extremities.

Question 5

what are the symotoms of neonate in gestational diabetices

Answer 5

HCOM-increased glycogen synthesis

Perinatal asphyxia

Question 6

assymtomatic gonorrhea

Answer 6

symptomatic infection increases the risk of spread to deeper tissues (eg, disseminated gonococcal infection, pelvic inflammatory disease) because of treatment delay.

Question 7

clinical rpesentation of mastitis

Answer 7

swelling,pain erythema, fever and leukolcytosis

Question 8

moa of intereferons

Answer 8

Inteferons only produced in double stranded rna
RNASEL and Protien kinase R inactivated eif2 inhibting translation
induce MHC class1

Question 9

henoch scholen purpura presentation

Answer 9

palpable purpura, renal disease, and arthritis/arthralgias

Question 10

Drugs with high liphoclity have high Vd

Answer 10

high intrinsic hepatic clearance tend to have high lipophilicity and a high volume of distribution

Question 11

drugs with low vd

Answer 11

Drugs with a low distribution volume tend to be confined to the bloodstream and tend not to diffuse readily through hepatocytes into the bile.

Question 12

poor cns penetration implemets that drug has

Answer 12

low lipholicity

Question 13

what sort of burns are common in lighting

Answer 13

uperficial burns are common in lightning injury.

Question 14

what causes lichtenberg figures

Answer 14

flashover effect,” the tendency of lightning to travel over the skin surface and discharge to the ground. This effect is responsible for the formation of Lichtenberg figures.

Question 15

can lighting cause mechanical trauma

Answer 15

Lightning induces rapid heating of the surrounding air, generating shock waves that can travel through the body and cause mechanical trauma. As a result, patients should be thoroughly assessed for skeletal fractures. Myocardial contusion and pulmonary barotrauma occur less frequently and would be extremely rare causes of death.

Question 16

what is the cutoff value of febrile neutropenia

Answer 16

<500

Question 17

MOA of pseudomonas erythema gangerosum

Answer 17

MOa of ecthyema gangreosum
Perivascular bacterial invasion of arteries and veins in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, with subsequent release of exotoxins destructive to human tissue, leads to characteristic skin patches exhibiting necrosis and ulceration as a result of insufficient blood flow

Question 18

toxins responsible for erythema gangerosum

Answer 18

Eoroxin A ( protein synthesis inhibtion)
elastase
PLC( degrades cell membranes
Pyocyanin

Question 19

UTI with sepsis which bug

Answer 19

ecoli

Question 20

strep pyogenes necrotizing fascitis

Answer 20

Necrotizing fascitis
single infection(erythema,edema/warmth) causes poop
purpuric discoloratio, bullae/sensory loss

Question 21

adalilumab when is clearence decreased

how is it eliminated

Answer 21

adaliumab = can induce anti immunoglonin abs

increased entrohepatic circulation is seen in cancer chemotherapeutics due to exposure to intestinal mucosa

how are they elininated
receptor mediated endocytosis=in reticuloendothelial system

increased renal clearence due to nephropathy

Question 22

what causes decreased concentration of adalilumab in blood

Answer 22

renal clearenc etdue to nephropathy

Question 23

cryptochoridsism predisposes to ? what infection

Answer 23

genital infection

leydig cell tumor not temperature sensticive

Question 24

SCHistoma hematobium intialpx

katayama fever

Answer 24

what can schistoma heamtobium present as
swimmers itch

what is katayam fever
(fever, urticaria, angioedema, eosinophilia), can affect the bladder (causing terminal hematuria, fibrosis

Question 25

toxic and metabolic nerve injury is protopotional to what

Answer 25

oxic or metabolic nerve injury (eg, diabetic peripheral neuropathy) is typically proportionate to the length of the sensory nerve fibers.

Question 26

Ubq proteasome pathway in chacexia

Answer 26

Cachexia is a hypermetabolic state driven by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6), which stimulate the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to degrade skeletal muscle proteins (e UBiquiting pathway=involved in selective proerolysis + of ubq to a target protein marks rapid destruction

Question 27

how does dystophin cause myocardial damage

Answer 27

leads to membrane tears calcium enters to cause swelling

Question 28

reporgamming of stem ceels=

Answer 28

cachexia

Question 29

Nicotine use in pregancy

Answer 29

low birth weight and prematurity

Question 30

williams syndrome

Answer 30

with "elfin" facies, supravalvular aortic stenosis, and an extroverted personality.

Question 31

patau syndrome what is the main defect

Answer 31

prechordal mesoderm, failure results in patau syndrome what is prechordal mesoderm integral embryological structure affecting growth of the midface, eyes, and forebrain.therefore results in midline defects which are? holoprosencephaly, microcephaly, microphthalmia, cleft lip/palate, and omphalocele. Abnormal brain development results in intellectual disability and seizur

Question 32

type B adverse effect

Answer 32

Exaggerated sensitivity: predictable rxn at lower than expected do

Question 33

type a adverse effect

Answer 33

redictable rxn due to known properties of drug | ex nsaids

Question 34

what are the 2 hiv strains

Answer 34

R5 strains (macrophage-tropic) of HIV attach to the host CD4 receptor and CCR5 chemokine coreceptor; CCR5 inhibs such as maraviroc can be used in the Tx of R5 virus

Question 35

R5 strains

Answer 35

CCR5 expressed in both macrophages and lymphocyt

Question 36

x4 strains

Answer 36

cxcr4 expressed only on lympho

Question 37

HIV tropism

Answer 37

HIV trophism is determined by a gene sequence in the variable (V3) region of the env gene, which encodes for the HIV surface glycoprotein 120.

Question 38

How does efavirenz work

Answer 38

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (eg, efavirenz, nevirapine) allosterically bind reverse transcriptase, which alters its shape and prevents it from converting the HIV RNA genome into complementary DNA (cDN

Question 39

how does nuceloside reverse transcriptase work

Answer 39

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (eg, tenofovir, emtricitabine) competitively bind reverse transcriptase and are integrated into growing cDNA strands, which results in chain termination.

Question 40

what is neoplastic cord compression

Answer 40

extension of vertebral metastasis into epidural space these tumors umors can encase the thecal sac and cause venous obstruction, leading to vasogenic edema, cord ischemia, and infarctio

Question 41

spinal stenosis

Answer 41

spinal stensosi | due to thicknening of flavum or spondulosis

Question 42

what causes intramedullary metastasis

Answer 42

lung cancer

Question 43

use depdnacy and reverse use dependancy

Answer 43

``` if a drug lengthens qrs in rate dependant manner it = use depdancy class 1c dissociate slwly from sodium channel during diastole therefore high hr means high depndancy if qrs is normal at rest and increases during excercise=use depdnacy however if qrs decreases during excercise reverse use depndancy ``` type qqq slow hr meants higher depdnacy

Question 44

anti jo antibody is what sort of antibody

Answer 44

Ant Jo 1 (histidyL tRNA synthetase)

Question 45

polymyosistis

Answer 45

Associated with interstitial lung disease, myocarditis and malignancy (especially adenocarcinom

Question 46

histopath b/w dermatomyositis and polymyositis

Answer 46

Biopsy in polymyositis shows patchy endomysial inflammatory infiltrate (ie, direct invasion of individual muscle fibers), whereas dermatomyositis causes perifascicular inflammation (ie, localized around blood vessels and the septa between muscle fascicles).