uwolrd block

Question 1

FGF23

Answer 1

secereted from osteoccytes supresss 1 pha hydroxylase

Question 2

explain phosphate filtration

Answer 2

dependant on GFR, therefore CKD although high PTH high phosphate.It leasds to magnesium retention

Question 3

biopsy of aplastic anemia will reveal

Answer 3

hypocellular Bm with normal morphollogy hematopeotic stem cells

Question 4

what is a good source of iron for menstrauting women and growing chidren

Answer 4

meat

Question 5

what is psorasosis characterixed by

Answer 5

It is characterized histologically by clubbed rete ridges, hyperkeratosis, neutrophils in the stratum corneum, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate

Question 6

Aminoglycodise moa

Answer 6

AGs irreversibly bind to bacterial 30S but not eukaryotic 40S; this causes genetic code misreading and bacterial protein synthesis inhibition. AGs also appear to impact translocation, whereby an aminoacyl-tRNA is shifted from the ribosomal A site (after initial binding) to the P site (after AA incorporation into the peptide chain during elongation) to the E site (after AA cleaving from its tRNA). The initial N-formylmethionine-tRNA notably binds at the P site.what is the function of th17

Question 7

what is the function of th17

Answer 7

helps neutrophils migrate

Question 8

moa of hydrops fetalis

Answer 8

profound anemia cause congestive hf

Question 9

how is the px of child edema

Answer 9

shoes fir tightly/ ankle edema

Question 10

clun cells what happens to it in chronic bronchitis

Answer 10

Club cells are found in the ciliated epithelium of bronchioles and secrete glycosaminoglycans and lysozymes, which help to break down mucus and maintain the integrity of the bronchial lining. In chronic bronchitis, the number of club cells is decreased rather than increased.

Question 11

side effect of diethylpropion

Answer 11

pah

Question 12

currant jelly sputum

Answer 12

lead to destruction of alveoli, resulting in bloody sputum with a currant jelly a

Question 13

a patient comes with GERD alcohol use and is immunocomprimesd what can he have

Answer 13

klebseilla pneumonia

Question 14

tdp 43 function and where is it ound

Answer 14

TDP-43 is a protein involved in DNA repair and transcription, and it becomes abnormally ubiquitinated in FTD. Pathologic TDP-43 is also found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 15

what is a complex of gamasecretase complex

Answer 15

presillin abnormal mutation =increases risk of alzehimers

Question 16

pathomechanism of isolated systolic hypertension

Answer 16

loss of eastin increase collagen decreased compliance

Question 17

cardiomyocyte changes in elderly

Answer 17

Response to cardiomyocyte dropout & ↑ afterload
Resting EF, SV & cardiac output maintained
↓ Maximal cardiac output

Question 18

beta 2 integrin

Answer 18

Beta-2 integrin (CD18) helps leukocytes migrate from the bloodstream to tissue by binding to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the extracellular matrix of the endothelium. It also helps macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells generate complement receptors, which recognize and phagocytose foreign peptide

Question 19

what is l selectin

Answer 19

leukocyte bind to venule endothelium

Question 20

what causes hydronephrosis after pelvic surgery

Answer 20

damage of ureter

Question 21

which is more dependant on collateral circulation right venticle or left ventricle

Answer 21

left ventricle is dependant on collateral circulation

Question 22

patients with impaired cell mediated immunity develop what scabies

Answer 22

crusted lesions

Question 23

fetal hemoglobin vs adult

Answer 23

shorter lifespan

Question 24

why enterohepatic circulation is increased in newborn

Answer 24

Finally, relative gut sterility in newborns results in decreased reduction of bilirubin to urobilinogen; instead, intestinal β-glucuronidase (which is synthesized both endogenously and by gut bacteria) deconjugates the bilirubin which allows it to be reabsorbed, therefore increasing enterohepatic circulation.

Question 25

what is overflow proteinuria when doe si thapen

Answer 25

it is a kind of proteinuria which is produced in excess amounts it happens in muscle necrosis or multiple myeloma

Question 26

what are the typical findings in inhalants abouse

Answer 26

perioral and perianal rash dermatiis

Question 27

nitrous oxide use leads to what vitamin deficiency

Answer 27

Nitrous oxide misuse in particular is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and resultant symptoms of polyne

Question 28

does rbc count increse in pneumonia

Answer 28

no it only occurs in chornic conduction

Question 29

altudional adaptaions to hypxoemia

Answer 29

increase 23 dpg increased oxuygen loading increased epo production

Question 30

altudional adaptaions to hypxoemia

Answer 30

increase 23 dpg increased oxuygen loading increased epo production

Question 31

dementia vs delirum

Answer 31

graduatl dementia not much flutcuation

Question 32

how to diagnose OCD

Answer 32

to diagnose OCD obsessions must be time consuming