uworld incorrect 9 Flashcards
why is PTU prefered in 1st trimeter then methimazole
Methimazole is preferred for most patients due the hepatotoxicity of PTUmethimazole has potential teratogenic effect
when does thyroid gland develop
week 12
abscence,ectopic,hypoplasia
how does mosaicism cause downs
ffected individuals have 2 distinct cell lines as a result of nondisjunction during mitosis
changes in male hormones in age
ncreased hepatic synthesis (and rising serum levels) of sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG)
sexual changes in men
Decreased ejaculate volume
Increased erectile latency and sexual refractory period (ie, time from orgasm until another orgasm is possible)
Moderately impaired erectile function with increased stimulation needed to achieve an erection
which drugs displace testosterone from SHBG
, danazol) and progestins
when is shbg suppressed
insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesi total testosterone levels are reduced.free preserved
how does hyperthrydosism cause increaed testosterone
increased production of SHBG independent of age; total testosterone increases to saturate the increased steroid hormone–binding sites, and free testosterone is unchanged
which medication increases proteasome activity
bortezomib
ncrease ubiquitination of regulatory proteins produced in excess in neoplastic cells
lenalidomide) increases the binding affinity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to specific transcription factors Binding attaches ubiquitin to the TFs, which leads to their subsequent destruction by the proteasom
ho would the frc graph look in pneumothoraax
19916
aging in respiratory system
low chest wall compliance-calcification of intercostal joints tendons,and kyphosis
low alveolar elastic recoil-degenration of elastin
increase a-a gradient-alveolar enlargement
markers of osteoblastic activity
N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (PINP), which is released during post-translation cleavage of type 1 procollagen before its assembly into mature type 1 collagen fibrils.
G protein coupled receptors bind gp horomes 3 major domains
a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain coupled with heterotrimeric G proteins.
transmemrane=nonpolar hydrophobic AA
extracellular domain of a transmembrane
composed of hydrophilic amino acids.