uworld incorrect 9

Question 1

why is PTU prefered in 1st trimeter then methimazole

Answer 1

Methimazole is preferred for most patients due the hepatotoxicity of PTUmethimazole has potential teratogenic effect

Question 2

when does thyroid gland develop

Answer 2

week 12

abscence,ectopic,hypoplasia

Question 3

how does mosaicism cause downs

Answer 3

ffected individuals have 2 distinct cell lines as a result of nondisjunction during mitosis

Question 4

changes in male hormones in age

Answer 4

ncreased hepatic synthesis (and rising serum levels) of sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG)

Question 5

sexual changes in men

Answer 5

Decreased ejaculate volume
Increased erectile latency and sexual refractory period (ie, time from orgasm until another orgasm is possible)
Moderately impaired erectile function with increased stimulation needed to achieve an erection

Question 6

which drugs displace testosterone from SHBG

Answer 6

, danazol) and progestins

Question 7

when is shbg suppressed

Answer 7

insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesi total testosterone levels are reduced.free preserved

Question 8

how does hyperthrydosism cause increaed testosterone

Answer 8

increased production of SHBG independent of age; total testosterone increases to saturate the increased steroid hormone–binding sites, and free testosterone is unchanged

Question 9

which medication increases proteasome activity

Answer 9

bortezomib

Question 10

ncrease ubiquitination of regulatory proteins produced in excess in neoplastic cells

Answer 10

lenalidomide) increases the binding affinity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to specific transcription factors Binding attaches ubiquitin to the TFs, which leads to their subsequent destruction by the proteasom

Question 11

ho would the frc graph look in pneumothoraax

Answer 11

19916

Question 12

aging in respiratory system

Answer 12

low chest wall compliance-calcification of intercostal joints tendons,and kyphosis
low alveolar elastic recoil-degenration of elastin
increase a-a gradient-alveolar enlargement

Question 13

markers of osteoblastic activity

Answer 13

N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (PINP), which is released during post-translation cleavage of type 1 procollagen before its assembly into mature type 1 collagen fibrils.

Question 14

G protein coupled receptors bind gp horomes 3 major domains

Answer 14

a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain coupled with heterotrimeric G proteins.
transmemrane=nonpolar hydrophobic AA

Question 15

extracellular domain of a transmembrane

Answer 15

composed of hydrophilic amino acids.

Question 16

repair in cns vs peripheral tissues

Answer 16

astrocytes vs fibroblasts

Question 17

why patient with pitutary apoplexy has severe hypotension

Answer 17

because of central adrenal failure

Question 18

carotid dissection px

Answer 18

horner sybdrome-HTN,CT disease and smoking

Question 19

apoplexy vs sheehan

Answer 19

sheehan is ischemic necrosis=endocrine abnormality

Question 20

structure of trna

Answer 20

3’ terminal hydroxyl group of CCA tail gets loaded with appropriate AA via aminoacylt tRNA synthetase
• T loop (ribothymidine, pseudouridine and cytidine): needed for tRNA binding to ribosome
• D loop (dihydrouridine): facilitates correct tRNA recognition by aminoacy

Question 21

function of lecithinase

Answer 21

toxin increases platelet aggregation and adherence molecule expression on leukocytes and endothelial cells, resulting in vasoocclusion and ischemic necrosis of affected tissues.

Question 22

why amatidine reduces tremores

Answer 22

It is thought also to have some anticholinergic properties, which reduce tremors.

Question 23

why low platelet count in maternal woman

Answer 23

materanal plasma volume expansion
incr by 30% protect against hemorrhage however plt doesnt increase

why is the other organ where sequesteration of platelets occur?

placenta

Question 24

procalcitonin as an APR

Answer 24

erum concentrations change by 225% during periods of inflammation. Procalcitonin is a unique APR that can rise or fall depending on the etiology of the infection; elevated levels correlate with a bacterial source, whereas low levels indicate a viral source.

Question 25

define intermettient explosive disorder

Answer 25

IED is characterised by recurrent episodes of explosive verbal or physical aggression. The aggressive behaviours are impulsive and grossly out of proportion to the provocation.

Question 26

how to diagnose dysruptive mood dysregulation

Answer 26

acute mania
=verbal /physical aggressive

how do you diAGNOSE DISRUPTIVE MOOD DYSREGULATION
-verbal and physical outburst age of onset<10

Question 27

where i p glycoprotein expressed

Answer 27

p-glycoprotein, are highly expressed on the luminal membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells

Question 28

what is oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 28

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) involves a pattern of angry/irritable mood and argumentative/defiant behavior toward authority figures.

Question 29

blockage of sinus of the breast

Answer 29

galactocele

Question 30

how is lobular carcinoma organised as?

Answer 30

single file

Question 31

Why is DBP unchanged in aerobic excercise

Answer 31

19895

Question 32

how to differentiate between rupture of uterus from rupture of placenta

Answer 32

rupture of uterus fetal parts are palbable whereas placent not palabable

Question 33

when is placenta acreta diagnosed

Answer 33

abnormal invasion of trophoblast commonly dagnosed after delivery only

Question 34

which area of the nasal cavity contains anterior nasal septum

Answer 34

kisselback plx

Question 35

function of lateral nasal wall

Answer 35

contain sup, middle and inf turbinates (conchae)

Question 36

what supploes posterior choanae

Answer 36

sphenopalatine artery supply the posterolateral wall and posterior choanae causes posterior epitaxis

Question 37

ischemic change of neuron

Answer 37

Neurons that sustain irreversible ischemic injury begin to develop char histopath changes 12-24hrs after the inciting event. These changes incl shrinkage of the cell body, pyknosis of the nucleus, loss of Nissl bodies, and cytoplasmic eosinophilia (red neurons

Question 38

wallerian degeneration cell body changes

Answer 38

how does wallerian degeneration look like

cell body swelling, nucleus in periphery and disprsion of nissil bodies