uworld anki deck 5 Flashcards
what is a reactive lymphocyte
which disease its seen
describe morphology
HIV, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis)
reactive lymphocytes=tcells+Nk cells=scalloped cytoplasm/cytoxic granules=perforina
VIRal caspids are not bound to viral genomes/shed in cytoplasm prior to viral replication
how would renal insuffeciency present in preclampsia
generalised endothelial dysfucntion
new onset htn and protein excetion >300mg/dl
messangial ECM=formed from
protein (eg, fibronectin, laminin) deposits from glomerular mesangial cells and provides structural support for glomerular capillary loops.
where are tonsils located and what are the symotoms and etiologies for tonsilitis
tonsils location?
oropharynx=inflamed in mononucleosis /peritonsillar abscess
presents as voice changes=hot potato
what is ludwig angina
nflammation and edema of the submandibular and sublingual spaces is characteristic of Ludwig angina, a rapidly progressive cellulitis that can lead to airway obstruction due to displacement of the tongue posteriorly. However, this typically occurs in adults due to an infection in the mandibular molars and presents with a firm, elevated floor of mouth, “woody” induration of the neck, drooling, and tripod positioning.
croup vs epiglottits
croup comfortable position epiglottiss not comfortable
pathophys of acne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris is promoted by proinflammatory fatty acid production by Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acne
pathophys of actinic keratosis
Prostaglandin E2 (which is produced by cyclooxygenase-2) is involved in mediating the tumorigenic effects of ultraviolet light in the skin, promoting the formation of actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous cell carcinoma. T
define dysplasia
define dysplasia
abnormal epithelial cellular architecture and irregular cellular growth.
how does alcohol withdrawal present with and why
alcohol withdrawalagitated, disoriented, and tremulous with autonomic hyperacti
alchol inhibits
acts on gaba/inhibits NMDA receptors=upregulation
rett syndrome
Rett syndrome MECP2 mutation loss of motor/language sterotype hand movements deceleration of head growth=seixures/autism/breathing
sterotype hand movement
angelman vs rett
development normal in agelman vs rett horrible
pathophys of exfolatin toxin
Cleaves desmoglein in desmosomes → separation of keratinocytes
what is seen in gram negative bacteria sepsis
what skin finding is seen in gram - sepsis
purpuric skin rash+negative nikolsky
vibrio paraheamolytics
Manifestations include a diarrhea-predominant gastroenteritis. Life-threatening sepsis can occur in those with liver disease or hemachromatosis
how can oligohydroaminos cause low cranial vasuclariatio
In addition, low angiotensin II levels may result in impaired cranial vascularization and hypocalvaria
fetuses exposed to radiation develop what
acute leukemia
problem of tobacco in pregnancy
obacco impairs oxygen delivery to fetal tissue and leads to multiple pregnancy complications, most notably intrauterine growth restriction and preterm delivery
why nsaids not used in pregnancy
why nsaids not used in pregnancy
due to potential for premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
echinnicosis histology
Become encapsulated and form eggshelf calcification in liver
acitinic keratosis
Erythematous papules with overlying whitish scale and sandpaper like texture
• Hyperkeratosis can form cutaneous horns
• Premalignant for SCC Acute atopic dermatitis • High pruritic erythematous papules and plaques
calcific tendinitis is deposition of what crystals
Calcific tendonitis results from the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in periarticular soft tissues (especially tendons).
