uworld anki deck 5

Question 1

what is a reactive lymphocyte
which disease its seen
describe morphology

Answer 1

HIV, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis)
reactive lymphocytes=tcells+Nk cells=scalloped cytoplasm/cytoxic granules=perforina

VIRal caspids are not bound to viral genomes/shed in cytoplasm prior to viral replication

Question 2

how would renal insuffeciency present in preclampsia

Answer 2

generalised endothelial dysfucntion

new onset htn and protein excetion >300mg/dl

Question 3

messangial ECM=formed from

Answer 3

protein (eg, fibronectin, laminin) deposits from glomerular mesangial cells and provides structural support for glomerular capillary loops.

Question 4

where are tonsils located and what are the symotoms and etiologies for tonsilitis

Answer 4

tonsils location?
oropharynx=inflamed in mononucleosis /peritonsillar abscess
presents as voice changes=hot potato

Question 5

what is ludwig angina

Answer 5

nflammation and edema of the submandibular and sublingual spaces is characteristic of Ludwig angina, a rapidly progressive cellulitis that can lead to airway obstruction due to displacement of the tongue posteriorly. However, this typically occurs in adults due to an infection in the mandibular molars and presents with a firm, elevated floor of mouth, “woody” induration of the neck, drooling, and tripod positioning.

Question 6

croup vs epiglottits

Answer 6

croup comfortable position epiglottiss not comfortable

Question 7

pathophys of acne vulgaris

Answer 7

Acne vulgaris is promoted by proinflammatory fatty acid production by Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acne

Question 8

pathophys of actinic keratosis

Answer 8

Prostaglandin E2 (which is produced by cyclooxygenase-2) is involved in mediating the tumorigenic effects of ultraviolet light in the skin, promoting the formation of actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous cell carcinoma. T

Question 9

define dysplasia

Answer 9

define dysplasia

abnormal epithelial cellular architecture and irregular cellular growth.

Question 10

how does alcohol withdrawal present with and why

Answer 10

alcohol withdrawalagitated, disoriented, and tremulous with autonomic hyperacti

alchol inhibits
acts on gaba/inhibits NMDA receptors=upregulation

Question 11

rett syndrome

Answer 11

Rett syndrome
MECP2 mutation
loss of motor/language
sterotype hand movements
deceleration of head growth=seixures/autism/breathing

Question 12

sterotype hand movement

angelman vs rett

Answer 12

development normal in agelman vs rett horrible

Question 13

pathophys of exfolatin toxin

Answer 13

Cleaves desmoglein in desmosomes → separation of keratinocytes

Question 14

what is seen in gram negative bacteria sepsis

Answer 14

what skin finding is seen in gram - sepsis

purpuric skin rash+negative nikolsky

Question 15

vibrio paraheamolytics

Answer 15

Manifestations include a diarrhea-predominant gastroenteritis. Life-threatening sepsis can occur in those with liver disease or hemachromatosis

Question 16

how can oligohydroaminos cause low cranial vasuclariatio

Answer 16

In addition, low angiotensin II levels may result in impaired cranial vascularization and hypocalvaria

Question 17

fetuses exposed to radiation develop what

Answer 17

acute leukemia

Question 18

problem of tobacco in pregnancy

Answer 18

obacco impairs oxygen delivery to fetal tissue and leads to multiple pregnancy complications, most notably intrauterine growth restriction and preterm delivery

Question 19

why nsaids not used in pregnancy

Answer 19

why nsaids not used in pregnancy

due to potential for premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.

Question 20

echinnicosis histology

Answer 20

Become encapsulated and form eggshelf calcification in liver

Question 21

acitinic keratosis

Answer 21

Erythematous papules with overlying whitish scale and sandpaper like texture
• Hyperkeratosis can form cutaneous horns
• Premalignant for SCC Acute atopic dermatitis • High pruritic erythematous papules and plaques

Question 22

calcific tendinitis is deposition of what crystals

Answer 22

Calcific tendonitis results from the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in periarticular soft tissues (especially tendons).