immunology Flashcards
Cd40 deficiency seen in
apc /b lymphocytes, if apc cant be activated to thelper cells
shigella can be associated with what non diarrheal symotoms
seizure and encephalopathy
immune thrombocytopenia symotoms
intracranial,git bleed littl
why rifampin is good for prophylaxis
why rifampin a good prophylaxis,
non painful pentrates well to other compartments, eliminates colonization and no tissue injury unlike ciprofloxacin
classify hydronephrosis, explain fetal hydronephrosis
The UPJ is the last segment of the fetal ureter to canalize.
higher kideny compliance more susceptible to dilation
explain the embryo of kidney
what is a non obstructive cause of hydronephrosis divide it into obstructive and non obstructive qid 837
polymyositis specific for which antibody
tRNA synthetase (anti–Jo-1)
lymes disease
asymmetric arthritis
subacute encephalopathy
if i give amidarone to a patient with bradycardia what will happen
it will enhance its effect by causing negative inotropy
what are the features of early mitral stensosi vs late
early no lung edema loud s1, lade lung edema soft s1
why mitral stenosis has reduced afterload
afterload could be considered as stress on a single muscle fibre for instance in mitral stenosis, we have decreased left ventricle volume, which means decreased stress on the heart this cpuld also mean decreased afteload,
now lets talk about hypertrophy more fibres less stress on individual muscle fibre always look into pa*r/H
so when we have high afterload we have high ESV makes sense more stress less blood pumped out
explain afterload in its relation to ESV
Briefly, an increase in afterload decreases the velocity of fiber shortening. Because the period of time available for ejection is finite (~200 msec), a decrease in fiber shortening velocity reduces the rate of volume ejection so that more blood is left within the ventricle at the end of systole (increased end-systolic volume).
