uworld biochem

Question 1

what prevents beta oxidation break down in fatty acid syntehsis

Answer 1

malonly coa

Question 2

tetrahydrobiopterin is used in which parts

Answer 2

tryptophan and phyenyallanina

Question 3

which pathway links fructose and fructose 6 p

Answer 3

hexokinase

Question 4

HbF contains what

Answer 4

α2γ2)

Question 5

what holds elastin together

Answer 5

cross linking by lysl oxidase How? desmosine linkage crosslinking by deamination the lysine e

Question 6

does HB f have affinity to 2.3 dpg

Answer 6

no they dont

Question 7

hormonal changes inf ast

Answer 7

glucagon, then epinephrine(stimulates insulin resistance), cortisol causes receptor dimerization binds to heat shock proteins =increases synthesis of gluconeogenic enzymes

Question 8

function of cobalmin

Answer 8

transfers methyl group from thf

Question 9

how to identify polymorphisms within genes

Answer 9

usse restrictione ndocnucleases

Question 10

grams of proteins involved

Answer 10

Metabolism yields 4 Calories (Cal) per gram of protein or carbohydrate and 9 Cal per gram of fat. Ethanol yields 7 Cal per gram.

Question 11

2 m3chanisms behind cataracts formation

Answer 11

osmotoic injury / oxidative stess due to using up of NADPh

Question 12

explain c jun and c fos

Answer 12

c-Jun and c-Fos are nuclear transcription factors that directly bind DNA via a leucine zipper motif. The genes that code for c-Jun and c-Fos are proto-oncogenes, genes that can become oncogenes following a mutation or with constitutive expression.

S-100 proteins are homodimeric calcium-binding proteins, similar in structure to calmodulin and important in intracellular functions such as protein phosphorylation and cell growth and differentiation.

Question 13

causes of splenomegaly

Answer 13

infiltration
hyperplasia
congestive
work hypertrophy
metabolit accumulation
infectious=endocarditis-IC in kidney and spleen

Question 14

compare prolactinoma postmenopausal,premenopausal,men

what tests needs to be ruled out

Answer 14

pospostmenopausal-mass effect
premenopausal-galacttorrhea
men-decrease libido
renal insufficiency/hypothyrodisim

Question 15

discharge of intraductal papilloma

Answer 15

unilateral/bloody

Question 16

px of fibrocystic changes of breast

Answer 16

cystic mastalgia

Question 17

TMJ joint muscles-lateral pterygoid

why is there pain in tmj disorder

Answer 17

inferior head rotation/superior head translational movement

the retro disc is innv and vascularised therefore when dsplaced it hurts a lot, compared to the cushion

Question 18

what sort of mutation it is if it is sinbgle bsae vs single nuclepotide

Answer 18

single nucleotride =frameshift mutatuon

this base mutation is within a codon

Question 19

what causes frameshift mutation

Answer 19

deletion or insertion of any number of nuceltoides

Question 20

what synthesizes nor epinephrine in the brain

Answer 20

locus cerelus-involved in arousal(pamic attacks)

Question 21

where is dynophrin produced

Answer 21

Dynorphin is an opioid peptide that modulates the pain response. It is produced mostly in the periaqueductal gray, rostral ventral medulla, and dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Question 22

germainal amtrix fragility

Answer 22

occurs in newborns week 28 premature infants, involutes by full term

Question 23

how does HF impact liver metabolism

Answer 23

causes centrilobular necrosis therefore decreased cyp

Question 24

what sbinge eating disorder

Answer 24

large binge eating no compensatory behaviour

Question 25

1st vs 0 order kinetcis

Answer 25

irst-order kinetics, a constant fraction (or proportion) of drug is metabolized per unit of time, so the amount metabolized changes based on the serum concentration. In zero-order kinetics, a constant amount of drug is metabolized per unit of time, independent of serum levels.

Pharmacology
Subject
Pharmacology (General Principles)
System
Drug metabolism and clearance
Topic