uworld biochem Flashcards
what prevents beta oxidation break down in fatty acid syntehsis
malonly coa
tetrahydrobiopterin is used in which parts
tryptophan and phyenyallanina
which pathway links fructose and fructose 6 p
hexokinase
HbF contains what
α2γ2)
what holds elastin together
cross linking by lysl oxidase How? desmosine linkage crosslinking by deamination the lysine e
does HB f have affinity to 2.3 dpg
no they dont
hormonal changes inf ast
glucagon, then epinephrine(stimulates insulin resistance), cortisol causes receptor dimerization binds to heat shock proteins =increases synthesis of gluconeogenic enzymes
function of cobalmin
transfers methyl group from thf
how to identify polymorphisms within genes
usse restrictione ndocnucleases
grams of proteins involved
Metabolism yields 4 Calories (Cal) per gram of protein or carbohydrate and 9 Cal per gram of fat. Ethanol yields 7 Cal per gram.
2 m3chanisms behind cataracts formation
osmotoic injury / oxidative stess due to using up of NADPh
explain c jun and c fos
c-Jun and c-Fos are nuclear transcription factors that directly bind DNA via a leucine zipper motif. The genes that code for c-Jun and c-Fos are proto-oncogenes, genes that can become oncogenes following a mutation or with constitutive expression.
S-100 proteins are homodimeric calcium-binding proteins, similar in structure to calmodulin and important in intracellular functions such as protein phosphorylation and cell growth and differentiation.
causes of splenomegaly
infiltration hyperplasia congestive work hypertrophy metabolit accumulation infectious=endocarditis-IC in kidney and spleen
compare prolactinoma postmenopausal,premenopausal,men
what tests needs to be ruled out
pospostmenopausal-mass effect
premenopausal-galacttorrhea
men-decrease libido
renal insufficiency/hypothyrodisim
discharge of intraductal papilloma
unilateral/bloody
px of fibrocystic changes of breast
cystic mastalgia
TMJ joint muscles-lateral pterygoid
why is there pain in tmj disorder
inferior head rotation/superior head translational movement
the retro disc is innv and vascularised therefore when dsplaced it hurts a lot, compared to the cushion
what sort of mutation it is if it is sinbgle bsae vs single nuclepotide
single nucleotride =frameshift mutatuon
this base mutation is within a codon
what causes frameshift mutation
deletion or insertion of any number of nuceltoides
what synthesizes nor epinephrine in the brain
locus cerelus-involved in arousal(pamic attacks)
where is dynophrin produced
Dynorphin is an opioid peptide that modulates the pain response. It is produced mostly in the periaqueductal gray, rostral ventral medulla, and dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
germainal amtrix fragility
occurs in newborns week 28 premature infants, involutes by full term
how does HF impact liver metabolism
causes centrilobular necrosis therefore decreased cyp
what sbinge eating disorder
large binge eating no compensatory behaviour
