USA - Oregon Flashcards
How much area is under vine?
13,750 ha
How many AVAs are fully in Oregon and how many are shared with other states?
- 15 AVAs fully in Oregon
- 4 AVAs shared with other states
When were the first modern vineyards planted an how did it become famous?
- 1961
- Pinot Noir wines achieved high ranks in blind tastings
- Hence, many Burgundian producers bought land there
What is different in types of business involved compared to California and Washington?
Dominated by smaller, family-owned businesses
What is the current trend in terms of wineries?
- Strong growth
- 5-fold increase in last 20 years
Where are vineyards located, what is the climate and what are climatic influences?
- In the western part, close to the Pacific Ocean
- At 42–46°N in latitude
- Coast Range provides some protection from Pacific influences, however some influence of cold ocean currents and winds
- Cool to moderate climate
- Long daylight hours in summer and autumn
What is the soil?
Free-draining marine sedimentary, volcanic and loess soils
What is the rainfall and when does it occur?
- High levels of annual rainfall
- Mainly in winter, with little rainfall in the summer months
What climatic conditions have a major effect on vineyard management and what is the effect?
- Windy and dry summers
- Low disease pressure
- Enable sustainable grape growing practices
How much of vineyards are certified as sustainable? How about biodynamic practices?
- About 50%
- About 50% of all Demeter vineyards in the US are in Oregon
What are the varieties grown? What is the most planted one (incl. %)?
- Pinot Noir (57%)
- Pinot Gris (decreasing)
- Chardonnay (increasing)
- Other: Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Riesling
What is important in Oregon regarding growing of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay?
Clonal selection
What clones are used for Pinot Noir? Why?
- Wadenswil
- Pommard
- Dijon
- -> clonal diversity to better choose clones suited to the specific climate and soil
What clones are used for Chardonnay?
- Wente
- Clone 108
- Earlier-ripening Dijon was introduced, but due to recent warmer vintages sometimes ripens to early
How are Pinot Noir wines produced? (fermentation, oak)
- Use of whole bunches has increased
- Some use ambient yeasts and experiment with alternative fermentation and storage vessels, including amphorae
- Majority is matured in oak, proportion of new oak is decreasing
Describe the typical style of Pinot Noir (aromas, acidity, tannin, alcohol, quality, price)
- Red cherry and raspberry fruit to black cherry and plum
- Medium(+) acidity
- Medium to medium(+) tannins
- High alcohol
- Good to outstanding quality
- Premium priced (some super-premium)
Name two significant producers of Pinot Noir
- Bergström Wines
- Evening Land
In what two styles are Pinot Gris wines produced? (pressing, fermentation, skin contact, oak, lees)
- Fruity style: whole-bunch pressing and cool fermentation in stainless steel
- Complex wine with texture: skin contact, old barrels and lees contact
Describe the typical style of Pinot Gris (sweetness, aromas, acidity, body, quality, price)
- Dry and off-dry
- Pear, peach and melon fruit, sometimes nutty or honeyed note
- Medium to medium(+) acidity
- Medium to full body
- Good to very good quality
- Mid-priced
How are Chardonnay wines produced? (pressing, fermentation, oak, malo, lees)
- Often whole bunch pressing
- Fermentation and maturation in oak (mostly old oak)
- Malo + lees contact
- Lees usually left without stirring to encourage low levels of reductive sulfur compounds to develop, giving smoky, struck match aromas
Describe the typical style of Chardonnay (aromas, acidity, body, quality, price)
- Lemon and peach
- Medium(+) acidity
- Medium(+) body
- Good to very good quality
- Mid- to premium priced
What are the two major AVAs and how many sub-AVAs does each have and how much of plantings (%)?
- Willamette Valley AVA
- 7 sub-AVAs
- 68% of vineyards
- Southern Oregon AVA
- 5 sub-AVAs
- 25% of vineyards
What three AVAs are on the Oregon-Washington state border?
- Columbia Gorge AVA
- Columbia Valley AVA
- Walla Walla Valley AVA (1 sub-AVA)
What AVA is on the Oregon-Idaho state border?
Snake River Valley AVA
Willamette Valley AVA
What is its size?
- 9,900 ha
- Oregon’s largest AVA
Willamette Valley AVA
Where is it located?
- Western part of Oregon, close to the Pacific Ocean
- Coast Range mountains to the west that provide protection
- Still various parts affected by cold Pacific winds