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WSET Level 4 - D3 > Spain - Galicia > Flashcards

Spain - Galicia Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the community of Galicia located? What does that mean?

A
  • In the north west
  • Proximity to the Atlantic -> cool and wet
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2
Q

What is the largest DO in Galicia?

A

Rías Baixas DO

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3
Q

Rías Baixas
What is the production (hL) and what is the trend?

A
  • Today: 250,000 hL
  • 1991: 3,500 hL
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4
Q

Rías Baixas
What is the size (ha) and how many grape growers are there?

A
  • 4,000 ha
  • 5,500 growers
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5
Q

Rías Baixas
Name the largest producer

A

Bodegas Martín Códax (co-op)

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6
Q

Rías Baixas
What happened after phylloxera?

A
  • Replanted with hybrid varieties and high-yielding Palomino vines
  • Many tiny plots selling to local producers
  • 1970s and 80s: incentives to grow indigenous varieties and modernize winery equipment
  • Improvement in quality
  • Provide quality wines, in a desirable style (fresh and fruity) and at an affordable price point
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7
Q

Rías Baixas
What is the climate and rainfall and what effect does it have on grape growing?

A
  • Maritime climate
  • High rainfall (1,700mm)
  • Fungal diseases
  • Rain prior to harvest
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8
Q

Rías Baixas
What are the soils?

A
  • Free-draining
  • Sand over granite bedrock
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9
Q

Rías Baixas
What is the most planted variety? (incl. %)

A
  • Albariño
  • 95% of plantings
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10
Q

Rías Baixas
Describe characteristics of the Albariño variety (skin, ripening time)

A
  • Thick skin -> reduced disease risk
  • Early to mid-ripening
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11
Q

Rías Baixas
Is Albariño usually blended?

A

No, mostly single varietal wines

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12
Q

Rías Baixas
What are the three varieties Albariño is sometimes blended with? (incl. ripening time, acidity, aromas)

A
  • Loureira (early ripening, medium (+) acidity, aromatic citrus, pear, floral and herbal notes)
  • Treixadura (mid-ripening, low acidity, apple and peach flavours)
  • Caiño Blanco (late ripening, high acidity, citrus flavours)
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13
Q

Rías Baixas
Are there black varieties planted for red wines? If yes which ones?

A
  • Small volumes of (1% of production)
  • Sousón (same as Vinhão in Vinho Verde)
  • Caiño Tinto
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14
Q

Rías Baixas
Name the 5 sub-zones incl. rough characteristics

A
  • Val do Salnés (oldest sub-zone with greatest plantings; coolest and wettest; highest acidity)
  • O Rosal (close to Portugal -> often blended with Loureira, Treixadura, Caiño Blanco; south-facing -> lower acidity)
  • Condado do Tea (even warmer -> lower acidity, riper fruit, easy drinking)
  • Ribeira do Ulla (newest sub-zone; inexpensive to mid-priced wines)
  • Soutomaior (smallest sub-zone)
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15
Q

Rías Baixas
Describe the typical style of wine

A
  • Peach, melon, lemon
  • High acidity
  • Medium(–) to medium body
  • Medium alcohol
  • Good to very good quality (some outstanding)
  • Mid- to premium priced
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16
Q

Rías Baixas
Name two quality driven producers

A
  • Pazo de Senorans
  • Palacio de Fefiñanes
17
Q

Rías Baixas
What training system is generally used, what are the benefits, and what is the trend?

A
  • Pergola (called “parral”) remains popular
  • Originally, other agricultural crops were planted underneath
  • The high training promotes air circulation
  • Many bigger growers use VSP (mechanization)
18
Q

Rías Baixas
Describe the general winemaking process (skin maceration, vessel, fermentation temps, malo, lees ageing, stirring, oak)

A
  • Protective
  • Sometime macerated for few hours
  • Cool fermentation in stainless steel
  • Sometimes malo to reduce acidity
  • More expensive wines are stored on lees (sobre lias) for 1-2 years, sometimes longer; NOT stirred (no oxygen wanted)
  • The most expensive wines are sometimes in oak, even some proportion of new oak
19
Q

Rías Baixas
How much of the wine is exported, what is the trend and what are the main export markets?

A
  • 25%
  • Strongly increasing
  • USA, UK
20
Q

What are the four other Galician wine regions?

A
  • Ribeiro
  • Ribeira Sacra
  • Valdeorras
  • Monterrei
21
Q

Ribeiro
Where is it located and what is the climate and rainfall?

A
  • Most westerly, just east of southern Rías Baixas
  • Slightly more sheltered than Rías Baixas
  • Maritime climate with high rainfall
22
Q

Ribeiro
What types of wines does it produce? (incl. variety, oak)

A
  • Mainly white wines
  • Treixadura most planted
  • Either single variety or as blend with other Galician varieties
  • The most expensive wines sometimes in oak
23
Q

Ribeiro Sacra
Where is the DO located?

A
  • Further inland
  • Close to rivers
  • Mainly continental, some maritime influences
24
Q

Ribeira Sacra
Where are the vineyards located and what is the soil?

A
  • Very precipitous valley sides
  • Stony slopes with good drainage and heat absorption
  • Extremely labour intensive
25
Q

Ribeiro Sacra
What types of wines are produced? (incl. variety, aromas, body, acidity, price, style)

A
  • Red wine from Mencía
  • Red cherry, raspberry
  • Medium body
  • Medium tannins
  • Medium(+) acidity
  • Mid-priced
  • Fresh, early drinking style
26
Q

Valdeorras
Where is it located, what is the climate and rainfall?

A
  • Most easterly
  • Continental climate
  • Plenty of rain (700–1,000mm)
27
Q

Valdeorras
Where are the vineyards planted and what is the soil?

A
  • 300m altitude
  • Diverse range of soil
28
Q

Valdeorras
What does it have a reputation for? (variety, aromas, acididty, oak, quality)

A
  • Godello (white variety)
  • Citrus, stone fruit, sometimes herbal or wet stone
  • Medium(+) acidity
  • Premium wines often in oak
  • Good to very good quality
29
Q

Valdeorras
What is the next most planted variety after Godello?

A

Mencía (black variety)

30
Q

Monterrei
Where is it located, what is the climate and rainfall?

A
  • South of Ribeira Sacra, on the border of Portugal
  • Inland and sheltered from ocean influence
  • Continental climate
  • Low rainfall
31
Q

Monterrei
What are the three styles of wines produced?

A
  • Mostly inexpensive bulk wine
  • Some good quality Mencía (riper style than in Ribeira Sacra)
  • Some fruity Godello

WSET Level 4 - D3 (56 decks)

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