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WSET Level 4 - D3 > Spain - Valencia and Murcia; Castilla-La Mancha; Other regiones > Flashcards

Spain - Valencia and Murcia; Castilla-La Mancha; Other regiones Flashcards

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1
Q

Valencia and Murcia
Where is the region located?

A

Eastern/south-eastern coast of Spain

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2
Q

Valencia
How much wine is produced?

A

500,000 hL

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3
Q

Valencia
What is the climate and rainfall (is irrigiation used)?

A
  • Warm Mediterranean
  • Cooling influences from altitude or coast
  • Low rainfall with 450mm
  • Irrigation is widely used
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4
Q

Valencia
What is the name of the coolest sub-zone and at what altitudes are vineyards located?

A
  • Alto Turia
  • 700-1100m
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5
Q

Valencia
What wines are produced in Alto Turia and what varieties are used?

A
  • White wines
  • Moscatel de Alejandría
  • Merseguera
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6
Q

Valencia
What is the name of the warmer sub-zone, at what altitude are vineyards located and influence exist?

A
  • Valentino
  • 200-650m
  • Cooled from sea breezes
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7
Q

Valencia
What wines are produced in Valentino and what varieties are used for it?

A
  • Red and rosé:
  • Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet)
  • Tempranillo
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Monastrell
  • White:
  • Merseguera
  • Macabeo
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8
Q

Valencia
Name two other sub-zones and the types of wines they produce

A
  • Clariano
  • Similar to Valentino
  • Moscatel
  • Sweet wines “Moscatel de Valencia” and “Vino de licor” (unfermented grape must, fortified) from Moscatel de Alejandría
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9
Q

Valencia
What are the two categories of quality and who is producing what? (incl. quality, price)

A
  • Co-ops
  • Fruity style for immediate consumption
  • Acceptable to good quality
  • Inexpensive
  • Individual producers
  • Good to very good quality
  • Mid-priced
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10
Q

Utiel-Requena
What is the size?

A

34,000 ha

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11
Q

Utiel-Requena
What is the climate, altitude, and rainfall? What does that mean?

A
  • Continental
  • High altitude (750m)
  • Cooler summer nights
  • Low rainfall (450mm)
  • Risk of spring frost
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12
Q

Utiel-Requena
What is the ratio of black and white varieties planted?

A

Mostly black (87%)

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13
Q

Utiel-Requena
What is the most planted variety (incl. %) and what are its characteristics? (budding time, drought tolerance, acidity, ripening, tannin, vigor, color)

A
  • Bobal (70% of plantings)
  • Mid-to late budding -> avoid spring frost
  • Very drought tolerant
  • Retains acidity well
  • Can ripen unevenly
  • Tannins can be a little grippy
  • Vigoros and high yielding
  • High levels of color
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14
Q

Utiel-Requena
Describe the range of red wine styles produced from Bobal (aromas, tannin, body, acidity, method, quality, price)

A
  • Range of styles, from
  • Light body
  • Medium tannin
  • Semi-carbonic maceration
  • to concentrated
  • Blackberry, black cherry aromas and often notes of chocolate
  • Medium(+) tannin
  • Medium(+) to full body
  • High acidity
  • Matured in oak
  • Overall
  • Acceptable to very good quality
  • Inexpensive to mid-priced
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15
Q

Alicante
What is the size?

A

9,000 ha

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16
Q

Alicante
What is the climate and rainfall?

A
  • Mediterranean
  • Extremely dry (250mm)
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17
Q

Alicante
What are the top varieties?

A
  • Black
  • Monastrell (75% of plantings)
  • Alicante Bouschet, Garnacha and Bobal (often blended)
  • White
  • Moscatel de Alejandría
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18
Q

Alicante
Why is Monastrell well suited to the hot, dry climate and how is it trained?

A
  • Late ripening
  • Retains acidity
  • Drought tolerant
  • Low density with bush vines
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19
Q

Alicante
Describe the typical red wines (varieties, aromas, sweetness, body, tannin, alcohol, maturation, quality, price)

A
  • Min 80% Monastrell
  • Blended with Alicante Bouschet, Garnacha and Bobal
  • Ripe black fruit
  • Dry
  • Full body
  • High tannin
  • High alcohol
  • Maturation in American oak
  • Good to very good quality
  • Mid-priced (some premium)
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20
Q

Alicante
What wines are produced from Moscatel de Alejandría

A

Dry and sweet wines

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21
Q

Alicante
What other historic wine is produced here? And what are the requirements? (name, varieties, aromas, sweetness, alcohol, maturation, method)

A
  • Fondillón
  • Late-harvested Monastrell
  • Oxidised character with dried fruit and nuts
  • Medium-sweet red wine (max 40 g/L)
  • Min alcohol 16% abv
  • Min 10 years in oak
  • Either añada (grapes from one year) or made by a solera system
22
Q

Jumilla
What is the size?

A

25,000 ha

23
Q

Jumilla
What is the climate, altitude, rainfall, and soil?

A
  • Warm continental
  • Altitude from 400-800m
  • Low annual rainfall (250-300mm)
  • Sand over a layer of limestone -> good water retention, so no irrigation needed
24
Q

Jumilla
What is the dominant variety (incl. %) and why?

A
  • Monastrell (80%)
  • Well suited to low rainfall and extreme heat
25
Q

Jumilla
Describe the typical style of wine from Monastrell (aromas, acidity, body, alcohol, oak, quality, price)

A
  • Ripe blackberry, cherry and spices
  • Medium(+) acidity
  • Full body
  • High alcohol
  • Oak maturation
  • Good to very good quality
  • Inexpensive to mid-priced (some premium)
26
Q

Jumilla
What are other varieties planted, besides Monastrell? What are they used for?

A
  • Cencibel (Tempranillo)
  • Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet)
  • Garnacha
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
  • Syrah
  • Petit Verdot
  • Blending component to reduce tannin levels
27
Q

Jumilla
Roughly, how much and what is exported?

A
  • Majority of wines
  • Esp. the most expensive ones
28
Q

Yecla
Where is it located?

A

Between Jumilla and Alicante

29
Q

Yecla
What is the size?

A

6,000 ha

30
Q

Yecla
What is the climate, altitude, and rainfall?

A
  • Similar climate to Jumilla
  • More moderation from the Mediterranean
  • Altitude 500-900m -> cooling influence
  • Low rainfall (300mm)
31
Q

Yecla
Describe the typical wines

A
  • Similar to Jumilla
  • Monastrell as main variety
32
Q

Yecla
How much of wines are exported?

A

95%

33
Q

La Mancha
What is the size?

A

158,000 ha

34
Q

La Mancha
What is the climate, topography, rainfall, soil, and irrigation

A
  • Extreme continental
  • Relatively flat at 500-700m altitude
  • Low rainfall (300-400mm)
  • Limestone and chalk -> water retention
  • 40% of vineyards irrigated
35
Q

La Mancha
What is the planting density and how are vines trained?

A
  • Very low planting density (down to 1,000 vines/ha) for bush-trained vines without irrigation
  • 3,000 vines/ha for trellised vineyards and irrigated
36
Q

La Mancha
What is the most planted white variety (incl. %) and what wines are produced from it? (aromatic, vessel, intensity, acidity, style). However, how is much of the production used?

A
  • Airén (57%)
  • Neutral white variety
  • Low intensity
  • Medium acidity
  • Made for early consumption
  • Mostly used for Brandy de Jerez
37
Q

La Mancha
What is the most planted black variety and in what styles is it produced?

A
  • Cencibel (Tempranillo)
  • Mostly fruity style
  • Additionally, some Crianza, Reserva and Gran Reserva wines
38
Q

La Mancha
What is the largest producer and how much vineyard plantings does it have?

A
  • Co-op: Virgen de las Viñas
  • 20,000 ha
39
Q

La Mancha
How much is exported and what are the main export markets?

A
  • 40%
  • China, Germany, Russia, and Netherlands
40
Q

Valdepeñas
Where is it located and what is the climate?

A
  • South of La Mancha
  • Continental climate
41
Q

Valdepeñas
What type of wine is it mostly known for? (variety, aromas, acidity, tannin, quality, price)

A
  • Cencibel (Tempranillo)
  • Ripe red fruit and spice from oak
  • Medium acidity
  • Soft tannin
  • Good quality
  • Inexpensive or mid-priced
42
Q

Castilla-La Mancha
What are the two other classifications?

A
  • Vino de Pago (Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Petit Verdot)
  • Castilla VT (Vino de la Tierra)
43
Q

Basque Country
What is the DO located around Bilbao and San Sebastián?

A

Txakoli

44
Q

Basque Country - Txakoli
What is the climate and rainfall?

A
  • Moderate, maritime climate
  • Rainfall as high as 1600mm -> fungal diseases are a problem
45
Q

Basque Country - Txakoli
What is the main variety and how are the wines produced?

A
  • Hondarrabi Zuri
  • Fermented in stainless steel
  • Released soon after
46
Q

Basque Country - Txakoli
Describe the typical style of wine from Hondarrabi Zuri (aromas, acidity, body, alcohol, lees, oak)

A
  • Fresh apple, pear and lemon
  • High acidity
  • Medium(-) body
  • Low alcohol
  • Some examples with lees contact or oak maturation
47
Q

Sierra de Gredos
Where is it located and how are the wines labeled?

A
  • Mountain range to the west of Madrid
  • Labeled as Vinos de Madrid DO, Mentrida DO (within Castilla-La Mancha), Cebreros DO or Castilla y León VT
48
Q

Sierra de Gredos
What is the region known for and what is the current trend?

A
  • Mosty inexpensive, high volume wines
  • New producers focus on quality
49
Q

Sierra de Gredos
What is the climate and where are vineyards located?

A
  • Continental
  • 600-1,200m altitude -> cooling influence
50
Q

Sierra de Gredos
Describe the typical style of red wine produced (variety, aromas, acidity, tannin, alcohol, winemaking, quality, price)

A
  • Old vine Garnacha
  • Fresh strawberry and cherry fruit
  • Medium(+) acidity
  • Lighter tannin
  • Medium to high alcohol
  • Mostly low intervention winemaking
  • Good to very good quality
  • Mid- to premium priced
51
Q

Sierra de Gredos
Describe the typical style of white wine produced (variety, aromas, acidity, body, winemaking)

A
  • Albillo Real
  • Citrus and floral notes
  • Medium to medium(+) acidity
  • Full body
  • Some fermented on skins and/or in oak
52
Q

ISLANDS
NOT INCLUDED YET

A

WSET Level 4 - D3 (56 decks)

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