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WSET Level 4 - D3 > South Africa > Flashcards

South Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

Climate
Where is it located, what is the climate, and what are climatic influences?

A
  • Latitude: 32-35°S (comparable to California)
  • Warm Mediterranean climate
  • Influenced by Western Cape’s many mountain ranges, slopes and aspects
  • Proximity to the ocean (cooling effect)
  • Cold north-flowing Benguela current
  • Large temp difference between ocean and land causes regular beneficial coastal fog and cooling breezes
  • Cape Doctor during spring and summer
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2
Q

Climate
Comment on diseases and hazards

A
  • Low disease pressure due to winds (cape doctor)
  • Winds can damage leaves, affect photosynthesis and flowering and fruit set
  • Spring frost can be a problem
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3
Q

Climate
What is the avg. rainfall, when does it mainly fall and comment on irrigation

A
  • 700mm on avg. in Stellenbosch
  • Rain falls mainly between May and August
  • Gets less in the north (less impact of Benguela current and more protection through mountains)
  • Irrigation or promotion of old vines is essential in the drier areas
  • Drought is an issue
  • Access to water is a problem
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4
Q

Grape varieties
What 8 varieties account for 80% of plantings? (in descending order)

A
  • Chenin Blanc (white) (20% of plantings)
  • Colombard (white)
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Syrah
  • Sauvignon Blanc (white)
  • Pinotage
  • Chardonnay (white)
  • Merlot
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5
Q

Grape varieties
What is the typical style of wine from Colombard? (aromatic, acidity, how used)

A
  • Neutral
  • Medium to medium(+) acidity
  • Mostly used in blends
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6
Q

Grape varieties - Pinotage
What is it a crossing of and how is its budding time and disease resistance?

A
  • Pinot Noir x Cinsaut
  • Early budding (but spring frost rarely a problem in warmer parts)
  • Only moderately susceptible to fungal diseases
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7
Q

Grape varieties - Pinotage
What are the characteristics? (color, potential alcohol)

A
  • Deep color
  • Reaches high sugar levels in small berries -> potentially high alcohol
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8
Q

Grape varieties - Pinotage
What is the typical quality of wine that can be produced from this grape?

A
  • Past: reputation for poor quality
  • Recently: Improvement in quality through better vineyard practice (e.g. avoiding water stress) and better winemaking (avoiding overly high fermentation temperatures)
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9
Q

Soils and Vineyard Management
What are the different soil types? Is it rather uniform or complex?

A
  • Very variable and complex
  • Table Mountain sandstone: sandy, low nutrient and low water-retention properties
  • Granite: foothill slopes of mountains and in hilly areas. Good water-retention properties (dry-farming possible)
  • Shale: good nutrient levels and good water-retention (dry-farming possible)
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10
Q

Soils and Vineyard Management
How does the soil need to be adjusted to make winegrowing viable? What would happen otherwise?

A
  • Most Cape soils are excessively acid
  • Heavy adjustments with lime necessary
  • Otherwise: lower yields
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11
Q

Soils and Vineyard Management
What is the typical vine density and what do high-quality growers do?

A
  • Vine density is typically low (larger vines carrying more fruit)
  • High-quality growers: Higher density
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12
Q

Soils and Vineyard Management
What are the two main diseases and how are they dealt with?

A
  • Viral diseases (esp. leafroll and fanleaf) -> tackled by planting virus-tested vines (adds to cost)
  • Powdery mildew -> systemic fungicides or organic methods
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13
Q

Soils and Vineyard Management
How are vines trained, why and how is harvest conducted?

A
  • Mostly cordon with VSP
  • Can be mechanised, saving cost
  • Most picking is done by hand due to the availability of labor
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14
Q

Soils and Vineyard Management
Comment on sustainable, organic, and biodynamic winemaking practices

A
  • 90% of growers follow integrated pest management philosophy
  • Only few organic or biodynamic
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15
Q

Winemaking
Describe how high volume, inexpensive Chenin Blanc is made (vineyard, harvest, adjustments, fermentation, blending, maturation, transport)

A
  • High yields
  • Vineyards sprayed regularly
  • Minimal or no sorting of fruit
  • May be blended with up to 15% of less valuable variety
  • Acidification is common
  • No malo
  • Cultured yeast
  • Cool fermentation temps in stainless steel or concrete tanks
  • Some resting time and oak flavor may be added (chips or staves)
  • Residual sugar may be adjusted
  • Stabilised, fined and filtered for early release
  • Often transported in bulk and bottled in final market
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16
Q

Winemaking
Describe how small volume, premium Chenin Blanc is made (vineyard, harvest, adjustments, fermentation, maturation, transport)

A
  • Low yields (often from old, dryland vines)
  • Small amount of Botrytis allowed
  • Careful sorting of fruit
  • 100% Chenin Blanc
  • Acidification typically avoided
  • No malo
  • Ambient or cultured yeast
  • Cool fermentation temps in inert vessels (new oak if it is used, for better integration)
  • Lees aging for 3-9 months typical
  • Bâtonnage carried out if richer style desired
  • No adjustment of sugar
  • Stabilizing, light fining and filtering
  • Bottled in South Africa, then transported
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17
Q

Winemaking
What is the typical style of Chenin Blanc? (intensity, aromas, acidity, body, alcohol, oak, quality, price) ((-> quality and price for high volume and low volume))

A
  • Medium to pronounced intensity
  • Ripe yellow apple or peach fruit with tropical fruit notes
  • High acidity
  • Medium body
  • Medium alcohol
  • Might have oak (vanilla and toast)
  • High volume wines: acceptable to good quality and inexpensive to mid-priced
  • Higher quality wines: very good to outstanding quality and mid- to premium priced (some super-premium)
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18
Q

Winemaking
Describe the two different styles of premium Pinotage wines (color, aromas, body, tannins, alcohol)

A
  • Traditional Style
  • Deep ruby
  • Red plum and blackberry fruit
  • Full body
  • High tannins
  • High alcohol
  • Elegant Style
  • Grapes from cooler sites with lower ripeness
  • Medium ruby
  • Red-fruited
  • Medium tannins
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19
Q

Winemaking
Describe the winemaking process for inexpensive vs. premium Pinotage (yields, sorting, ageing, release)

A
  • Yields and sorting
  • Cold soak for premium wines
  • Inexpensive:
  • Aged in stainless steel or used barrels. Oak alternatives (staves or chips) may be used to add oak flavors
  • Earlier release
  • Premium:
  • Aged for 12-15 months in French oak barriques (often >50% new)
  • Later release
  • Trend towards less new oak
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20
Q

What are the “big six” varieties that are grown in most regions?

A
  • White
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chardonnay
  • Black
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Shiraz
  • Pinotage
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21
Q

Describe the three main blends

A
  • White Cape blends
  • Chenin-dominant with white Rhône varieties, Chardonnay, Semillon or Sauvignon Blanc
  • Red Bordeaux blends
  • Red Cape blends
  • Broader category for blends with a significant proportion of Pinotage and/or black Rhône varieties
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22
Q

Wine Laws and Regulations
Describe the four defined terms for production areas and how they are defined

A
  • Geographical unit (very large areas, e.g. Western Cape)
  • Region (large areas named after major feature, e.g. Coastal Region)
  • District (based on wider categories, e.g., mountain range: e.g. Stellenbosch or Walker Bay)
  • Ward (based on common soil, climate and ecological factors, e.g. Simonsberg-Stellenbosch)
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23
Q

Wine Laws and Regulations
How can a wine be labeled as single vineyard?

A
  • Vineyard must be registered
  • Vineyard must be planted with a single variety
  • Vineyard can not be larger than 6 ha
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24
Q

Wine Laws and Regulations
In order to be labeled as such, how much of the grapes need to come from the origin, vintage, variety

A
  • Origin: 100%
  • Vintage: 85%
  • Variety: 85%
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25
Q

Coastal Region
What are the six most important districts?

A
  • Cape Town
  • Darling
  • Franschhoek Valley
  • Paarl
  • Stellenbosch
  • Swartland
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26
Q

Coastal Region
How much of South Africa’s area under vine does it cover and how much of its production?

A
  • Area under vine: 45%
  • Production: 25% (lower yields)
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27
Q

Coastal Region - District: Cape Town
What are the two most important wards?

A
  • Constantia
  • Durbanville
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28
Q

Coastal Region - District: Cape Town - Ward: Constantia
What special wine is it home to?

A
  • Vin de Constance
  • Dried Muscat dessert wine
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29
Q

Coastal Region - District: Cape Town - Ward: Constantia
Where are vineyards located and what are climatic influences? Describe the soil and rainfall.

A
  • East-facing slopes of Constantiaberg (extends south from Table Mountain)
  • Cooling sea breezes from False Bay
  • Granite soils above a layer of sandstone -> Low vigor and good drainage
  • High rainfall (1,000 mm)
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30
Q

Coastal Region - District: Cape Town - Ward: Constantia
What are the main varieties planted? What variety is specifically not grown?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chardonnay
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Shiraz
  • NOT grown due to windy conditions: Pinot Noir
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31
Q

Coastal Region - District: Cape Town - Ward: Constantia
Name two significant producers

A
  • Klein Constantia
  • Steenberg
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32
Q

Coastal Region - District: Cape Town - Ward: Durbanville
Where are vineyards located and what are climatic influences?

A
  • East-facing vineyards at 100-300m
  • Cooling breezes from the False Bay
  • Shale soils -> high water holding capacity
  • 500mm (only half the rainfall compared to Constantia due to protection by mountains)
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33
Q

Coastal Region - District: Cape Town - Ward: Durbanville
What is the main variety, where is it grown and what style does it have?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Planted on cooler sites
  • Rather greener flavors
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34
Q

Coastal Region - District: Cape Town - Ward: Durbanville
Name two significant producers

A
  • Bloemendal
  • Diemersdal
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35
Q

Coastal Region - District: Stellenbosch
What is it mostly known for?

A
  • High quality wines, esp. from
  • Cabernet Sauvignon and related blends
  • Shiraz
  • Chenin Blanc
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36
Q

Coastal Region - District: Stellenbosch
What are the main climatic influences that allow high quality grape production and what is the rainfall and soils based on the location.

A
  • Cooler mountain slopes
  • Varied soil types
  • Cooling breezes from False Bay
  • 600-900mm rainfall
  • Valley floor: sandy and alluvial soils
  • Slopes of hills: granite and shale soils
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37
Q

Coastal Region - District: Stellenbosch
What are the main varieties?

A
  • Black
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
  • Pinotage
  • White
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Chardonnay
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38
Q

Coastal Region - District: Stellenbosch
Name two significant producers

A
  • Rust en Vrede
  • Raats Family Wines
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39
Q

Coastal Region - District: Stellenbosch - Ward: Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
Where are vineyards located, what is the temp and climatic influences?

A
  • Lower slopes of the south-west side of the Simonsberg
  • Slightly warmer than other Stellenbosch sites
  • Still cooling breezes
  • Higher diurnal range than on flatter sites
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40
Q

Coastal Region - District: Stellenbosch - Ward: Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
What wines is it most known for?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Sauvignon-based blends
  • Pinotage
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41
Q

Coastal Region - District: Stellenbosch - Ward: Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
Name two significant producers

A
  • Kanonkop
  • Rustenberg
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42
Q

Coastal Region - District: Paarl
Where is the region located and what is the climate?

A
  • North of Stellenbosch
  • Warmer
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43
Q

Coastal Region - District: Paarl
Comment on soil, rainfall and irrigation

A
  • Range of soils, aspects, and varieties
  • 800-900mm rainfall
  • River can provide water for irrigation
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44
Q

Coastal Region - District: Paarl
How is the style of wine compared to Stellenbosch? (aromas, body)

A
  • Distinct ripeness
  • Fuller body
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45
Q

Coastal Region - District: Paarl
What are the most grown varieties and what varieties are grown on warmer sites?

A
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Shiraz
  • Pinotage
  • Warmer sites:
  • Viognier
  • Mourvèdre
46
Q

Coastal Region - District: Paarl
Name two significant producers

A
  • Nederburg
  • Vilafonté (super-premium prices)
47
Q

Coastal Region - District: Paarl - Ward: Simonsberg-Paarl
Where is it located, where are vineyards located and what are influences on grape growing?

A
  • Warmer, other side of the Simonsberg to Stellenbosch-Simonsberg
  • Slightly higher elevation than other areas in Paarl
  • Slightly higher diurnal range
  • Longer and slightly cooler ripening season
48
Q

Coastal Region - District: Paarl - Ward: Simonsberg-Paarl
What do the wines typically show, from what varieties are they made?

A
  • Distinct freshness and intensity
  • Chardonnay
  • Shiraz
  • Red blends
49
Q

Coastal Region - District: Paarl - Ward: Simonsberg-Paarl
Name two significant producers

A
  • Glen Carlou
  • Plaisir de Merle
50
Q

Coastal Region - District: Franschhoek Valley
Where are vineyards located, what are climatic influences?

A
  • Surrounded by mountains -> shelter and warmth
  • Altitude: 300-600m
  • -> marginally cooler climate and higher diurnal range
51
Q

Coastal Region - District: Franschhoek Valley
Comment on rainfall, soil, and irrigation.

A
  • 800mm rainfall
  • Soils are fast draining
  • -> Irrigation often required
52
Q

Coastal Region - District: Franschhoek Valley
What are the most grown varieties?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Shiraz
  • Old vine Semillon (some >100y old)
53
Q

Coastal Region - District: Franschhoek Valley
What is the fruit known for?

A

Fresher qualities as a blending component

54
Q

Coastal Region - District: Darling
What is an acclaimed ward within this district?

A

Groenekloof

55
Q

Coastal Region - District: Darling
Where are vineyards located and what are climatic influences?

A
  • Range of hills along the cold West Coast
  • Many different aspects
  • Cool ocean breezes
56
Q

Coastal Region - District: Darling
What are the most grown varieties?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Fresher versions of
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
  • Shiraz
57
Q

Coastal Region - District: Darling
Name two significant producers

A
  • Neil Ellis (based in Stellenbosch but buys grapes here)
  • Groote Post
58
Q

Coastal Region - District: Swartland
Comment on climate, rainfall, irrigation, yields, soil

A
  • Warm dry climate
  • Rainfall 500 mm (mostly in growing season)
  • Either irrigation used to guarantee yields or old bush vines
  • Low yields
  • Mainly low fertility granite and shale soil
59
Q

Coastal Region - District: Swartland
Of the two different businesses involved, describe the older businesses. What are quality, price and significant producers?

A
  • Often co-operatives
  • Good to very good quality
  • Inexpensive and mid-priced
  • Perdeberg Wines or Riebeek Valley Wine Co
60
Q

Coastal Region - District: Swartland
Of the two different businesses involved, what things do the newer businesses experiment with? What are quality and price?

A
  • Low yields, dry farming, often organic or biodynamic farming, old vines, ambient yeasts and maturation in old oak
  • Very good to outstanding quality
  • Premium and super-premium price
61
Q

Coastal Region - District: Swartland
What types of wines does it produce and what from what varieties?

A
  • Fruit for premium Western Cape white and red blends
  • Made from the ‘big six’ varieties and other white and red varieties
62
Q

Coastal Region - District: Tulbagh
Where is it located, what is the climate and what are climatic influences?

A
  • Part of the Coastal region, BUT no coastal influence
  • Very warm, dry, sheltered valley surrounded by mountain range
  • Cooling influences from altitude (400-500m), shade thrown by mountains and cold morning air
63
Q

Coastal Region - District: Tulbagh
How is steady supply of water guaranteed?

A
  • Good water-holding capacity
  • Water management systems
64
Q

Coastal Region - District: Tulbagh
What is the region known for?

A

Inexpensive wines

65
Q

Coastal Region - District: Tulbagh
What are the most grown varieties?

A
  • Chenin
  • Shiraz
  • Colombard
66
Q

Coastal Region - District: Tulbagh
Name a significant producer and what it is known for

A
  • Saronberg
  • Shiraz and Shiraz blends
67
Q

Breede River Valley Region
What is the climate, what types of wines are produced? Comment on irrigation

A
  • Warm and dry region
  • Produces most wine in South Africa at relatively high yields
  • Large volume of grapes for distillation industry
  • Irrigation with water from Breede River
68
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Breedekloof
Comment on rainfall and irrigation

A

Adequate rainfall that allows grape growing without irrigation

69
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Breedekloof
What is the climate and climatic influences?

A
  • Warm continental
  • Cooling summer winds
70
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Breedekloof
Comment on hazards and diseases

A
  • Winter and spring snows often delay budburst
  • Spring frost can be a problem
  • Longer hang-time and a later harvest
  • Winds reduce risk of fungal diseases
71
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Breedekloof
What are the main varieties planted?

A
  • Chenin
  • Colombard
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinotage
  • Shiraz
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
72
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Breedekloof
Name two significant producers

A
  • Du Toitskloof Cellar (co-op)
  • Deetlefs
73
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Worcester
Comment on rainfall and irrigation

A
  • Very low rainfall (400mm) -> rain shadow from mountains
  • Irrigation is essential
74
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Worcester
What are the soils and what type of wines are produced?

A
  • Very fertile, loamy soils
  • Mostly for high volume production and brandy industry
75
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Worcester
What are the main grapes grown?

A
  • Mostly for distilling
  • Colombard
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Other varieties
  • Chardonnay
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Viognier
  • Shiraz
76
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Robertson
What is the climate and climatic influences? Comment on rainfall and irrigation

A
  • Warm
  • Cooling influence and moist air from wind
  • Very low rainfall -> irrigation necessary
77
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Robertson
Where are vineyards located and how are grapes used?

A
  • Flat, fertile plain
  • Suitable for high yields
  • Often grapes for the brandy industry
78
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Robertson
What are the varieties grown?

A
  • Chardonnay (still and sparkling wine)
  • Colombard
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Shiraz
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
79
Q

Breede River Valley Region - District: Robertson
Name three significant producers

A
  • Robertson Winery (co-op)
  • Graham Beck
  • De Wetshof
80
Q

Olifants River Region
Where is it located, what is the climate, rainfall, and irrigation practices?

A
  • Most northerly region of the Western Cape
  • Warm climate
  • Very dry (some parts < 200mm rainfall)
  • Irrigation from Olifants River is essential
81
Q

Olifants River Region
How are grapes typically grown in this region and what is a current trend?

A
  • Historically, grapes grown at high yields
  • Mostly destined for distillation
  • Increasingly grapes are made into wine
  • Source of fruit from dry farmed, old vines made into wine by well-known growers in more prestigious regions
82
Q

Olifants River Region
What company is successful domestically and internationally with inexpensive wines?

A

Namaqua Wines (very large)

83
Q

Olifants River Region
Where are vineyards located and what are climatic influences? What does it mean for grape growing?

A
  • Altitude: 450-550m
  • Aspect
  • Cooling influences from the Atlantic
  • -> Potential for very high-quality fruit
84
Q

Olifants River Region
What is the quality and price of wines from dry-farmed, old vines?

A
  • Very good to outstanding quality
  • Premium and super-premium prices
85
Q

Olifants River Region
Name two significant producers

A
  • Sadie Family Wines
  • Alheit Vineyards
86
Q

Cape South Coast Region
What is the climate strongly influenced by?

A

Strongly influenced by cooling influence of Atlantic

87
Q

Cape South Coast Region
What are the main varieties and final qualities of wine

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Noir
  • Very good to outstanding quality
88
Q

Cape South Coast Region
How are the plantings compared to other regions?

A

Still small (< 3%)

89
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay
What is the climate and what are the top two varieties?

A
  • Cool region directly at the Atlantic
  • Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
90
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay
What four wards is the district split into?

A
  • Bot River
  • Three wards related to Hemel-en-Aarde
91
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Hemel-en-Aarde
What are climatic influences and aspect? What is the influence on grape growing?

A
  • Cooling winds -> reduced risk of over-ripening and reduce vigor
  • Aspect is generally towards the north -> helps with achieving ripeness
92
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Hemel-en-Aarde
What is the soil and its characteristics?

A
  • High clay content (similar to Burgundy)
  • High water holding capacity
  • Cover crops are often used to reduce water evaporation
93
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Hemel-en-Aarde
What varieties are grown here?

A
  • Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
  • All of the ‘big six’ varieties
  • Additionally, e.g., Albariño and Viognier
94
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
Where are vineyards located and what varieties are grown?

A
  • Lowest in altitude
  • Closest to the cooling Atlantic
  • Fresher and brighter styles of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
  • Vineyards mostly on north and west slopes
95
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
Where are vineyards located?

A
  • Slightly higher in elevation
  • Vineyards mostly on north and west slopes
96
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge
Where is it located? Where are vineyards located and what are climatic influences?

A
  • Located deeper inland
  • Smallest, coldest and highest ward (up to 400m)
  • South and east facing slopes
  • Mountains help with moist air and provide shade
97
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Hemel-en-Aarde
Name a significant producer in each of the three wards

A
  • Hamilton-Russell
  • Bouchard Finlayson (Hemel-en- Aarde Valley)
  • Newton Johnson Family Vineyards (Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley)
  • Creation (Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge)
98
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Bot River
What is the climate and what are climatic influences?

A
  • Slightly warmer than Hemel-en-Aarde, but cooler than Paarl and Stellenbosch
  • Bot River Lagoon funnels cold winds
  • Relatively long growing season
99
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Bot River
What are the main varieties? And what styles are produced?

A
  • Brighter and fresher styles of
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Rhône varieties
  • Red-fruited Pinotage
100
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Walker Bay - Ward: Bot River
Name a significant producer

A

Beaumont

101
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Elgin
Where is it located and what are climatic influences and their effect on grapes?

A
  • South-east of Cape Town
  • Altitude: 200-400m
  • Considerably cooler climate than other parts
  • Cooling influence through altitude, cloud cover and ocean
  • -> Slow growing season
  • -> More elegant and higher acidity fruit
102
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Elgin
What is the rainfall and what effect does it have on diseases and wine production?

A
  • 1,000mm rainfall
  • Risk of fungal diseases
  • Moist climate allows production of botrytized sweet wines
103
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Elgin
What are the main varieties?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chardonnay
  • Riesling
  • Pinot Noir
  • Merlot
  • Shiraz
104
Q

Cape South Coast Region - District: Elgin
Name two significant producers

A
  • Paul Cluver (super-premium Chardonnay)
  • Richard Kershaw Wines
105
Q

Klein Karoo Region
What types of wines is it known for?

A
  • Port-style wines from Portuguese varieties (Calitzdorp district)
  • Fortified Muscats
  • Chenin Blanc and Colombard for the brandy industry
  • Small amount of table wines from mostly black varieties
106
Q

Describe some of the initiatives in the wine industry and how many wineries follow the guidelines

A
  • Sustainable farming (>95%)
  • Environmentally friendly wine (>90%)
  • Fair trade wine (>60%)
107
Q

Wine Business
What accelerated the success of the wine business?

A
  • Democracy in 1994
  • Systematic repeal of the KWV’s rights (a highly regulated system)
108
Q

Wine Business
What were some of the KWV’s rights before it was privatized?

A
  • Fix the prices
  • Approve all wine purchases between producers and merchants
  • Set quotas for plantings and production
  • Control the importation, propagation and distribution of vine cuttings
109
Q

Wine Business
How much is exported, what are main export markets and what is the trend?

A
  • 50%
  • UK, Germany
  • Increasing
110
Q

Wine Business
What is a general problem of South African wine producers?

A

Often farm below a sustainable level of income for their business

111
Q

Wine Business
What company dominates the wine production? What is its share?

A
  • Distell Group
  • > 40% of volume sold

WSET Level 4 - D3 (56 decks)

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